Abstract
The popularity of grain amaranth and quinoa is growing in Ontario, increasing the interest in their cultivation. Two experiments were conducted in southern Ontario in 2013 and 2014 to evaluate optimal planting date (every two weeks from early May to late July), row width (38 or 75 cm), and critical weed-free period (the component of the critical period of weed control that defines the number of days that the crop must remain weed-free to prevent yield loss) in each crop. Grain amaranth and quinoa both reached physiological maturity and produced yields when planting dates ranged from mid-May to late-June. When either crop was seeded in July, yields decreased by more than 50% and the crop did not always reach maturity before the first frost. While row width did not have an impact on yield, it is advisable to grow the crops in wider rows (75 cm) to facilitate weed control early in the growing season (up to 30 d after emergence (DAE)). The critical weed-free period was 24 and 16 DAE for grain amaranth and quinoa, respectively, after which yields were maintained at 95% of the weed-free control. Based on these data, both crops could easily be integrated into the normal cropping rotations found in southern Ontario.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Grain amaranth matured and yielded when planted from mid-May to late-June.
- Taxon
- Grain amaranth
Amaranthus hypochondriacuse0 - Outcome
- reached physiological maturity and produced yieldse0
- Qualifier
- mid-May to late-Junee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain amaranth and quinoa both reached physiological maturity and produced yields when planting dates ranged from mid-May to late-June”
Claim · model-written summary
Quinoa matured and yielded when planted from mid-May to late-June.
- Taxon
- quinoa
Chenopodium quinoae0 - Outcome
- reached physiological maturity and produced yieldse0
- Qualifier
- mid-May to late-Junee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain amaranth and quinoa both reached physiological maturity and produced yields when planting dates ranged from mid-May to late-June”
Claim · model-written summary
July seeding reduced grain amaranth yield by more than 50% and sometimes prevented maturity before frost.
- Taxon
- Grain amaranthAmaranthus hypochondriacuse1
- Treatment
- seeded in Julye0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- more than 50%e0
- Qualifier
- did not always reach maturity before the first froste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When either crop was seeded in July, yields decreased by more than 50% and the crop did not always reach maturity before the first frost”
e1“Grain amaranth”
Claim · model-written summary
July seeding reduced quinoa yield by more than 50% and sometimes prevented maturity before frost.
- Taxon
- quinoaChenopodium quinoae1
- Treatment
- seeded in Julye0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- more than 50%e0
- Qualifier
- did not always reach maturity before the first froste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When either crop was seeded in July, yields decreased by more than 50% and the crop did not always reach maturity before the first frost”
e1“The popularity of grain amaranth and quinoa is growing in Ontario”
Claim · model-written summary
Row width did not affect grain amaranth yield.
- Taxon
- grain amaranthAmaranthus hypochondriacuse1
- Treatment
- row widthe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- did not have an impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“row width did not have an impact on yield”
e1“The popularity of grain amaranth and quinoa is growing in Ontario”
Claim · model-written summary
Row width did not affect quinoa yield.
- Taxon
- quinoaChenopodium quinoae1
- Treatment
- row widthe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- did not have an impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“row width did not have an impact on yield”
e1“The popularity of grain amaranth and quinoa is growing in Ontario”
Claim · model-written summary
The critical weed-free period was 24 days after emergence for grain amaranth, maintaining 95% of weed-free yield thereafter.
- Taxon
- grain amaranthAmaranthus hypochondriacuse0
- Outcome
- critical weed-free periode0
- Value
- 24e0
- Qualifier
- yields were maintained at 95% of the weed-free controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The critical weed-free period was 24 and 16 DAE for grain amaranth and quinoa, respectively, after which yields were maintained at 95% of the weed-free control”
Claim · model-written summary
The critical weed-free period was 16 days after emergence for quinoa, maintaining 95% of weed-free yield thereafter.
- Taxon
- quinoaChenopodium quinoae0
- Outcome
- critical weed-free periode0
- Value
- 16 DAEe0
- Qualifier
- yields were maintained at 95% of the weed-free controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The critical weed-free period was 24 and 16 DAE for grain amaranth and quinoa, respectively, after which yields were maintained at 95% of the weed-free control”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advised 75 cm rows for early weed control.
- Taxon
- Grain amaranthAmaranthus hypochondriacuse1
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- grow the crops in wider rows (75 cm)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it is advisable to grow the crops in wider rows (75 cm) to facilitate weed control early in the growing season (up to 30 d after emergence (DAE))”
e1“Grain amaranth and quinoa”
The same questions in other papers
sowing time · yield · Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
density · yield · Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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sowing time · yield · Amaranthus hypochondriacus (grain amaranth)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →density · yield · Amaranthus hypochondriacus (grain amaranth)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.