Abstract
An understanding of plant response to row spacing and plant density is important in developing effective production systems for new crops. Optimum row spacing and plant population for grain amaranth ( Amaranthus spp.) production in the northern Great Plains was evaluated at Prosper and Williston, ND, over 6 station‐years. Amaranth cultivars K283, K343, K432, and MT‐3 were established at populations of 74 000, 173 000, and 272 000 plants ha −1 in 30‐ and 76‐cm row spacings. Grain and biomass yield, plant height, harvest index, harvested plant population, and plant lodging were measured. Grain yields were similar among plant populations at each of the drier environments, averaging 1050 and 410 kg ha −1 for Prosper in 1989 and Williston in 1990, respectively. A 12% yield advantage, 160 kg ha −1 , was observed at the lowest compared with the highest plant population at Prosper in 1990, but not in 1992. The main effect of row spacing on grain yield was not significant; however, the interaction of row spacing, plant population, and environment indicated population yield ranking differences at the 30‐cm row spacing among environments but not at the 76‐cm row spacing. The two A. cruentus L. cultivars, K283 and MT‐3, generally produced more grain than the two A. hypochondriacus L. × A. hybridus L. cultivars, K343 and K432, especially in dry environments. When considering yield, plant mortality, and potential harvest difficulties, the moderate population (173000 plants ha −1 ), 76‐cm row spacing, and generally higher‐yielding A. cruentus cultivars would be recommended.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
At dry sites, grain yield was similar across plant populations.
- Taxon
- grain amaranth
Amaranthus hypochondriacust0 - Treatment
- plant populationse0
- Outcome
- Grain yieldse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- at each of the drier environmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields were similar among plant populations at each of the drier environments, averaging 1050 and 410 kg ha −1 for Prosper in 1989 and Williston in 1990, respectively”
t0“grain amaranth”
Claim · model-written summary
At Prosper in 1989 mean yield was 1050 kg ha −1.
- Taxon
- grain amaranthAmaranthus hypochondriacust0
- Outcome
- Graint0
- Value
- 1050e0
- Setting
- Prosper in 1989e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“averaging 1050 and 410 kg ha −1 for Prosper in 1989 and Williston in 1990, respectively”
t0“Grain Amaranth”
Claim · model-written summary
At Williston in 1990 mean yield was 410 kg ha −1.
- Taxon
- grain amaranthAmaranthus hypochondriacust0
- Outcome
- Graint0
- Value
- 410 kg ha −1e0
- Setting
- Williston in 1990e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“averaging 1050 and 410 kg ha −1 for Prosper in 1989 and Williston in 1990, respectively”
t0“Grain Amaranth”
Claim · model-written summary
Lowest population had a 12% grain-yield advantage of 160 kg ha −1 over highest population at Prosper in 1990, absent in 1992.
- Taxon
- grain amaranthAmaranthus hypochondriacust0
- Treatment
- the loweste0
- Outcome
- yield advantagee0
- Direction
- advantagee0
- Value
- 12%e0
- Qualifier
- 160 kg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- the highest plant populatione0
- Setting
- Prosper in 1990e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 12% yield advantage, 160 kg ha −1 , was observed at the lowest compared with the highest plant population at Prosper in 1990, but not in 1992”
t0“grain amaranth”
Claim · model-written summary
The main row-spacing effect on grain yield was not significant.
- Taxon
- grain amaranthAmaranthus hypochondriacust0
- Treatment
- row spacinge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- not significante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The main effect of row spacing on grain yield was not significant”
t0“grain amaranth”
Claim · model-written summary
Population yield rankings varied among environments at 30-cm spacing but not 76-cm spacing.
- Taxon
- grain amaranthAmaranthus hypochondriacust0
- Treatment
- 30‐cm row spacinge0
- Outcome
- population yield ranking differencese0
- Comparator
- 76‐cm row spacinge0
- Setting
- environmentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“population yield ranking differences at the 30‐cm row spacing among environments but not at the 76‐cm row spacing”
t0“grain amaranth”
Claim · model-written summary
K283 and MT-3 generally produced more grain than K343 and K432, especially in dry environments.
- Taxon
- grain amaranthAmaranthus hypochondriacust0
- Material
- K283 and MT‐3e0
- Outcome
- graine0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- especially in dry environmentse0
- Comparator
- K343 and K432e0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two A. cruentus L. cultivars, K283 and MT‐3, generally produced more grain than the two A. hypochondriacus L. × A. hybridus L. cultivars, K343 and K432, especially in dry environments”
t0“grain amaranth”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend a moderate population, 76-cm spacing and A. cruentus cultivars.
- Taxon
- grain amaranthAmaranthus hypochondriacust0
- Outcome
- the moderate population (173000 plants ha −1 ), 76‐cm row spacing, and generally higher‐yielding A. cruentus cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the moderate population (173000 plants ha −1 ), 76‐cm row spacing, and generally higher‐yielding A. cruentus cultivars would be recommended”
t0“grain amaranth”
The same questions in other papers
density · yield · Amaranthus hypochondriacus (grain amaranth)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.