Abstract
The major production risk to grapes on the Texas High Plains is freeze injury prior to, as opposed to after, budbreak. Due to mild temperatures in mid-winter, buds begin to deacclimate early and are vulnerable to freezes in late March, weeks before budbreak for Cabernet Sauvignon, and at the onset of budbreak for Chardonnay. A delay in deacclimation by reducing bud heat summations during late winter could enhance the probability of a successful crop. Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines were evaporatively cooled by intermittent microjet sprinkling (25 sec on every 4 min) from January to April any time air temperatures exceeded either 10°C or 15°C. Effects of cooling on bud cold hardiness prior to budbreak, time of budbreak, shoot development, yield, and juice composition were compared to non-cooled vines. Excised buds were subjected to differential thermal analysis (DTA) weekly from January through March during the deacclimation period. In DTA, low temperature exotherm (LTE) peaks from cooled buds occurred at 3°C to 5°C lower temperatures (more hardy) than from check buds in the weeks preceding budbreak. There were no differences in bud LTE freezing points between the 10°C and 15°C vine cooling treatments. A freeze (-3.5°C) on day of year (DOY) 83, killed emerging primary buds on non-cooled Chardonnay as evidenced from physical examination soon after the freeze. This resulted in fewer buds breaking, fewer shoots and clusters, and a tendency toward lower yields than for cooled vines. Although the freeze occurred 15 days before budbreak for Cabernet Sauvignon, non-cooled vines were injured as evidenced by fewer buds breaking, fewer shoots, and clusters and lower yields. DTA indicated that the cooled buds would survive lower temperatures than the check buds as was also demonstrated in the vineyard. Cumulative bud heat summation (degree days, base 10°C) was reduced by 49% and budbreak delayed by seven to eight days by the 10°C cooling treatment. Evaporative cooling had no effects on fruit quality.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Cooling lowered LTE peaks by 3°C to 5°C in Chardonnay buds.
Verbatim
t0“Differential Thermal Analysis of Deacclimating Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Buds as Affected by Evaporative Cooling”
e1“In DTA, low temperature exotherm (LTE) peaks from cooled buds occurred at 3°C to 5°C lower temperatures (more hardy) than from check buds in the weeks preceding budbreak.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cooling lowered LTE peaks by 3°C to 5°C in Cabernet Sauvignon buds.
Verbatim
t0“Differential Thermal Analysis of Deacclimating Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Buds as Affected by Evaporative Cooling”
e1“In DTA, low temperature exotherm (LTE) peaks from cooled buds occurred at 3°C to 5°C lower temperatures (more hardy) than from check buds in the weeks preceding budbreak.”
Claim · model-written summary
The two cooling thresholds had no difference in bud freezing points.
Verbatim
t0“Differential Thermal Analysis of Deacclimating Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Buds as Affected by Evaporative Cooling”
e1“There were no differences in bud LTE freezing points between the 10°C and 15°C vine cooling treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-cooled Chardonnay vines had fewer buds, shoots and clusters after the freeze.
Verbatim
t0“Differential Thermal Analysis of Deacclimating Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Buds as Affected by Evaporative Cooling”
e1“A freeze (-3.5°C) on day of year (DOY) 83, killed emerging primary buds on non-cooled Chardonnay as evidenced from physical examination soon after the freeze. This resulted in fewer buds breaking, fewer shoots and clusters, and a tendency toward lower yields than for cooled vines.”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-cooled Chardonnay vines had lower yields after the freeze.
Verbatim
t0“Differential Thermal Analysis of Deacclimating Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Buds as Affected by Evaporative Cooling”
e1“A freeze (-3.5°C) on day of year (DOY) 83, killed emerging primary buds on non-cooled Chardonnay as evidenced from physical examination soon after the freeze. This resulted in fewer buds breaking, fewer shoots and clusters, and a tendency toward lower yields than for cooled vines.”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-cooled Cabernet Sauvignon vines had fewer buds, shoots and clusters after the freeze.
Verbatim
t0“Differential Thermal Analysis of Deacclimating Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Buds as Affected by Evaporative Cooling”
e1“Although the freeze occurred 15 days before budbreak for Cabernet Sauvignon, non-cooled vines were injured as evidenced by fewer buds breaking, fewer shoots, and clusters and lower yields.”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-cooled Cabernet Sauvignon vines had lower yields after the freeze.
Verbatim
t0“Differential Thermal Analysis of Deacclimating Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Buds as Affected by Evaporative Cooling”
e1“Although the freeze occurred 15 days before budbreak for Cabernet Sauvignon, non-cooled vines were injured as evidenced by fewer buds breaking, fewer shoots, and clusters and lower yields.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cooling at 10°C reduced cumulative bud heat summation by 49%.
- Taxon
- Grapet0
- Treatment
- 10°C cooling treatmente1
- Outcome
- Cumulative bud heat summatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 49%e1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Differential Thermal Analysis of Deacclimating Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Buds as Affected by Evaporative Cooling”
e1“Cumulative bud heat summation (degree days, base 10°C) was reduced by 49% and budbreak delayed by seven to eight days by the 10°C cooling treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cooling at 10°C delayed budbreak seven to eight days.
- Taxon
- Grapet0
- Treatment
- 10°C cooling treatmente1
- Outcome
- budbreake1
- Direction
- delayede1
- Value
- seven to eight dayse1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Differential Thermal Analysis of Deacclimating Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Buds as Affected by Evaporative Cooling”
e1“Cumulative bud heat summation (degree days, base 10°C) was reduced by 49% and budbreak delayed by seven to eight days by the 10°C cooling treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Evaporative cooling did not affect fruit quality.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Differential Thermal Analysis of Deacclimating Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Buds as Affected by Evaporative Cooling”
e1“Evaporative cooling had no effects on fruit quality.”
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