Abstract
Fruit quality and volatile compounds produced by apple fruit ( Malus ×domestica Borkh. `Gala') were characterized following regular atmosphere (RA) or controlled atmosphere (CA) storage at 1°C. Static CA conditions were 1, 1.9, 2.8, or 3.7 kPa O 2 . Fruit stored under dynamic CA conditions were exposed to ambient air 1, 2, or 3 days per week for 8 hours then returned to 1 kPa O 2 . All CA treatments included 2 kPa CO 2 . Ethylene production was reduced following CA storage plus 1 day at 20°C compared with apples stored in RA. Apples stored in static 1 kPa O 2 and the dynamic treatments had lower ethylene production compared with apples stored in 1.9 to 3.7 kPa O 2 after 90 and 120 days. Ethylene production by apples from all CA treatments recovered during a 7-day poststorage ripening period at 20°C. Ester production was reduced following CA at 1 kPa O 2 after 60 days compared with RA-stored fruit. Production of butyl acetate by apples stored in 1 kPa O 2 static CA was 29%, 30%, and 7% of that produced by RA-stored fruit after 60, 90, and 120 days storage plus 7 days at 20°C. Amounts of 2-methylbutyl acetate were not affected by CA storage, however, production of other 2-methylbutyrate esters was reduced following 1 kPa O 2 storage. Ester production increased with O 2 concentration after 90 days in storage. The dynamic treatments resulted in greater ester emission after 120 days storage plus 7 days at 20°C compared with apples stored in static 1 kPa O 2 . Production of 1-methoxy-(2-propenyl) benzene by apples subjected to dynamic treatments was also higher after 120 days storage plus 7 days at 20°C compared with apples stored in RA or static CA. No differences in firmness, titratable acidity or soluble solids content were observed between apples stored in 1 kPa O 2 and the dynamic treatments. Firmness and titratable acidity were maintained better by dynamic treatments compared with static atmospheres containing > 1 kPa O 2 .
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled-atmosphere storage reduced ethylene production relative to regular atmosphere after one day at 20°C.
- Taxon
- Apples
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- CA storagee0
- Outcome
- Ethylene productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 1 day at 20°Ce0
- Comparator
- RAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene production was reduced following CA storage plus 1 day at 20°C compared with apples stored in RA.”
t0“`Gala' Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Static 1 kPa oxygen storage lowered ethylene production relative to 1.9 to 3.7 kPa after 90 and 120 days.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- static 1 kPa O 2e0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- after 90 and 120 dayse0
- Comparator
- 1.9 to 3.7 kPa O 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apples stored in static 1 kPa O 2 and the dynamic treatments had lower ethylene production compared with apples stored in 1.9 to 3.7 kPa O 2 after 90 and 120 days.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dynamic atmosphere storage lowered ethylene production relative to 1.9 to 3.7 kPa after 90 and 120 days.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- dynamic treatmentse0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- after 90 and 120 dayse0
- Comparator
- 1.9 to 3.7 kPa O 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apples stored in static 1 kPa O 2 and the dynamic treatments had lower ethylene production compared with apples stored in 1.9 to 3.7 kPa O 2 after 90 and 120 days.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene production recovered during seven days of poststorage ripening for every controlled-atmosphere treatment.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- Ethylene productione0
- Direction
- recoverede0
- Qualifier
- 7-day poststorage ripening period at 20°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene production by apples from all CA treatments recovered during a 7-day poststorage ripening period at 20°C.”
Claim · model-written summary
One kPa oxygen controlled atmosphere reduced ester production after 60 days relative to regular atmosphere.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- CA at 1 kPa O 2e0
- Outcome
- Ester productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- after 60 dayse0
- Comparator
- RA-stored fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ester production was reduced following CA at 1 kPa O 2 after 60 days compared with RA-stored fruit.”
t0“`Gala' Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Butyl acetate after 60 days under static 1 kPa oxygen was 29% of the regular-atmosphere level.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- 1 kPa O 2 static CAe0
- Outcome
- Production of butyl acetatee0
- Direction
- of that producede0
- Value
- 29%e0
- Qualifier
- after 60, 90, and 120 days storage plus 7 days at 20°Ce0
- Comparator
- RA-stored fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Production of butyl acetate by apples stored in 1 kPa O 2 static CA was 29%, 30%, and 7% of that produced by RA-stored fruit after 60, 90, and 120 days storage plus 7 days at 20°C.”
Claim · model-written summary
Butyl acetate after 90 days under static 1 kPa oxygen was 30% of the regular-atmosphere level.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- 1 kPa O 2 static CAe0
- Outcome
- Production of butyl acetatee0
- Direction
- of that producede0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Qualifier
- after 60, 90, and 120 days storage plus 7 days at 20°Ce0
- Comparator
- RA-stored fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Production of butyl acetate by apples stored in 1 kPa O 2 static CA was 29%, 30%, and 7% of that produced by RA-stored fruit after 60, 90, and 120 days storage plus 7 days at 20°C.”
Claim · model-written summary
Butyl acetate after 120 days under static 1 kPa oxygen was 7% of the regular-atmosphere level.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- 1 kPa O 2 static CAe0
- Outcome
- Production of butyl acetatee0
- Direction
- of that producede0
- Value
- 7%e0
- Qualifier
- after 60, 90, and 120 days storage plus 7 days at 20°Ce0
- Comparator
- RA-stored fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Production of butyl acetate by apples stored in 1 kPa O 2 static CA was 29%, 30%, and 7% of that produced by RA-stored fruit after 60, 90, and 120 days storage plus 7 days at 20°C.”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled-atmosphere storage did not affect 2-methylbutyl acetate amounts.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- CA storagee0
- Outcome
- Amounts of 2-methylbutyl acetatee0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Amounts of 2-methylbutyl acetate were not affected by CA storage”
t0“`Gala' Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
One kPa oxygen storage reduced production of other 2-methylbutyrate esters.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1 kPa O 2 storagee0
- Outcome
- production of other 2-methylbutyrate esterse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“production of other 2-methylbutyrate esters was reduced following 1 kPa O 2 storage”
t0“`Gala' Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Ester production increased with oxygen concentration after 90 days.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- O 2 concentratione0
- Outcome
- Ester productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- after 90 days in storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ester production increased with O 2 concentration after 90 days in storage.”
t0“`Gala' Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Dynamic storage increased ester emission relative to static 1 kPa oxygen after 120 days and seven days at 20°C.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- dynamic treatmentse0
- Outcome
- ester emissione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- after 120 days storage plus 7 days at 20°Ce0
- Comparator
- static 1 kPa O 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dynamic treatments resulted in greater ester emission after 120 days storage plus 7 days at 20°C compared with apples stored in static 1 kPa O 2 .”
Claim · model-written summary
Dynamic storage increased 1-methoxy-(2-propenyl) benzene production compared with regular or static controlled atmosphere.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- dynamic treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Production of 1-methoxy-(2-propenyl) benzenee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- after 120 days storage plus 7 days at 20°Ce0
- Comparator
- RA or static CAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Production of 1-methoxy-(2-propenyl) benzene by apples subjected to dynamic treatments was also higher after 120 days storage plus 7 days at 20°C compared with apples stored in RA or static CA.”
Claim · model-written summary
Firmness, acidity and soluble solids did not differ between 1 kPa static and dynamic storage.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- dynamic treatmentse0
- Outcome
- firmness, titratable acidity or soluble solids contente0
- Direction
- No differencese0
- Comparator
- 1 kPa O 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No differences in firmness, titratable acidity or soluble solids content were observed between apples stored in 1 kPa O 2 and the dynamic treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dynamic treatments maintained firmness and titratable acidity better than static atmospheres above 1 kPa oxygen.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- dynamic treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Firmness and titratable aciditye0
- Direction
- maintained bettere0
- Comparator
- static atmospheres containing > 1 kPa O 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Firmness and titratable acidity were maintained better by dynamic treatments compared with static atmospheres containing > 1 kPa O 2 .”
t0“`Gala' Apples”
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