Abstract
Stay-green, a key trait of wheat, can not only increase the yield of wheat but also its resistance to heat stress during active photosynthesis. Cytokinins are the most potent general coordinator between the stay-green trait and senescence. The objectives of the present study were to identify and assess the effects of cytokinins on the photosynthetic organ and heat resistance in wheat. Two winter wheat cultivars, Wennong 6 (a stay-green cultivar) and Jimai 20 (a control cultivar), were subjected to heat stress treatment from 1 to 5 days after anthesis (DAA). The two cultivars were sprayed daily with 10 mg L-1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) between 1 and 3 DAA under ambient and elevated temperature conditions. We found that the heat stress significantly decreased the number of kernels per spike and the grain yield (P < 0.05). Heat stress also decreased the zeatin riboside (ZR) content, but increased the gibberellin (GA3), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) contents at 3 to 15 DAA. Application of 6-BA significantly (P < 0.05) increased the grain-filling rate, endosperm cell division rate, endosperm cell number, and 1,000-grain weight under heated condition. 6-BA application increased ZR and IAA contents at 3 to 28 DAA, but decreased GA3 and ABA contents. The contents of ZR, ABA, and IAA in kernels were positively and significantly correlated with the grain-filling rate (P < 0.05), whereas GA3 was counter-productive at 3 to 15 DAA. These results suggest that the decrease in grain yield under heat stress was due to a lower ZR content and a higher GA3 content compared to that at elevated temperature during the early development of the kernels, which resulted in less kernel number and lower grain-filling rate. The results also provide essential information for further utilization of the cytokinin substances in the cultivation of heat-resistant wheat.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress significantly decreased the number of kernels per spike and the grain yield of wheat.
- Taxon
- Winter Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- heat stresse0
- Outcome
- number of kernels per spike and the grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat Cultivars”
e0“the heat stress significantly decreased the number of kernels per spike and the grain yield (P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress decreased zeatin riboside (ZR) content.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Heat stresse0
- Outcome
- zeatin riboside (ZR) contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat Cultivars”
e0“Heat stress also decreased the zeatin riboside (ZR) content”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress increased gibberellin (GA3), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) contents at 3 to 15 DAA.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Heat stresse0
- Outcome
- gibberellin (GA3), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 3 to 15 DAAe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat Cultivars”
e0“Heat stress also decreased the zeatin riboside (ZR) content, but increased the gibberellin (GA3), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) contents at 3 to 15 DAA”
Claim · model-written summary
6-BA application significantly increased the grain-filling rate and 1,000-grain weight of wheat under heated condition.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Application of 6-BAe0
- Outcome
- grain-filling ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under heated conditione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat Cultivars”
e0“Application of 6-BA significantly (P < 0.05) increased the grain-filling rate, endosperm cell division rate, endosperm cell number, and 1,000-grain weight under heated condition”
Claim · model-written summary
6-BA application significantly increased the endosperm cell division rate and endosperm cell number of wheat under heated condition.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Application of 6-BAe0
- Outcome
- endosperm cell division rate, endosperm cell numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under heated conditione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat Cultivars”
e0“Application of 6-BA significantly (P < 0.05) increased the grain-filling rate, endosperm cell division rate, endosperm cell number, and 1,000-grain weight under heated condition”
Claim · model-written summary
6-BA application increased ZR and IAA contents at 3 to 28 DAA.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 6-BA applicatione0
- Outcome
- ZR and IAA contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 3 to 28 DAAe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat Cultivars”
e0“6-BA application increased ZR and IAA contents at 3 to 28 DAA”
Claim · model-written summary
6-BA application decreased GA3 and ABA contents.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- GA3 and ABA contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat Cultivars”
e0“but decreased GA3 and ABA contents”
Claim · model-written summary
ZR, ABA and IAA contents in kernels were positively and significantly correlated with the grain-filling rate.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- kernelse0
- Compound
- ZR, ABA, and IAAe0
- Outcome
- grain-filling ratee0
- Direction
- positivelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat Cultivars”
e0“The contents of ZR, ABA, and IAA in kernels were positively and significantly correlated with the grain-filling rate (P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 content was counter-productive to the grain-filling rate at 3 to 15 DAA.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- GA3e0
- Direction
- counter-productivee0
- Qualifier
- 3 to 15 DAAe0
Not reportedOutcome
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat Cultivars”
e0“whereas GA3 was counter-productive at 3 to 15 DAA”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest the decrease in grain yield under heat stress was due to a lower ZR content and a higher GA3 content during early kernel development, which resulted in fewer kernels and a lower grain-filling rate.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- heat stresse0
- Compound
- ZRe0
- Outcome
- decrease in grain yielde0
- Qualifier
- during the early development of the kernelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat Cultivars”
e0“the decrease in grain yield under heat stress was due to a lower ZR content and a higher GA3 content compared to that at elevated temperature during the early development of the kernels”
The same questions in other papers
N-benzyladenine · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
26 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
28 papers more in this group
See all 32 papers →heat · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
254 papers in the same direction as this paper · 54 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
305 papers more in this group
See all 309 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.