Abstract
The long-term co-evolution of plants and herbivores has lead to intricate chemical relationship within the plant secondary metabolites.When the plants are attacked by herbivores,they trigger specific defensive signals to synthesize a series of defensive substances and releases volatiles,which act directly or indirectly against herbivores.Furthermore,plant defensive substances are mainly derived from secondary metabolites under different biosynthetic pathways.There is a considerable variability and diversity in quantity and quality of these substances synthesized by herbivore damaged plants.This variability and diversity are determined not only by developmental period,organ or part attacked,but also by the period time of attack.It is well known that the substrates of plant secondary metabolites and defensive enzymes are all derived from primary metabolism,such as polyphenol oxidase,peroxidase,lipoxygenase.The allocation of carbohydrates between plant growth and defence may lead to variations in secondary metabolites of different species.Recently,there are many reports about physiological response of rice under adverse stress,especially,some research works have indicated that brown plant hopper and white-back plant hopper elicits rice burst response,but physiological response of different rice cultivars under herbivore stress at different time interval still needs to elucidated. In this present study,rice-brown plant hopper was used as a model system for the study of plant chemical defense at physiological level in relation to time course changes of soluble sugar and chlorophyll contents,photosynthesis and transpiration rates,stomatal conductance,intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and defense enzymes.The results shows that soluble sugar contents decreased significantly in different rice cultivars infected by herbivore with a corresponding decrease in photosynthesis rate and chlorophyll contents.Non significant changes were observed with respect to transpiration rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration.Polyphenol oxidase,peroxidase and lipoxidase in the rice plant were induced by herbivore attack.Such induction was found to have time constraint,and were not consistent with different rice cultivars.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble sugar contents decreased significantly in different rice cultivars infected by herbivore.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- infected by herbivoree0
- Interactor
- herbivoree0herbivore
- Outcome
- soluble sugar contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soluble sugar contents decreased significantly in different rice cultivars infected by herbivore”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthesis rate and chlorophyll contents decreased in rice cultivars infected by herbivore.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- infected by herbivoree0
- Interactor
- herbivoree0herbivore
- Outcome
- photosynthesis rate and chlorophyll contentse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soluble sugar contents decreased significantly in different rice cultivars infected by herbivore with a corresponding decrease in photosynthesis rate and chlorophyll contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration showed no significant change in rice under herbivore stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- herbivore stresst1
- Outcome
- transpiration rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular carbon dioxide concentratione0
- Direction
- Non significant changese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice cultivars”
t1“herbivore stress”
e0“Non significant changes were observed with respect to transpiration rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and lipoxidase were induced in the rice plant by herbivore attack.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- herbivore attacke0
- Interactor
- herbivoree0herbivore
- Outcome
- Polyphenol oxidase,peroxidase and lipoxidasee0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Polyphenol oxidase,peroxidase and lipoxidase in the rice plant were induced by herbivore attack”
Claim · model-written summary
Induction of the defence enzymes was time dependent and not consistent across rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- inductione0
- Qualifier
- not consistent with different rice cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Such induction was found to have time constraint,and were not consistent with different rice cultivars”
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