Abstract
In order to explore the changing mechanism of rice allelopathic potential under potassium deficiency,allelopathic rice PI312777 and non-allelopathic rice Lemont were employed as donor plants and the morphological and physiobiochemical characteristics of receiver plant branyardgrass(Echinochloa crus galli)mediated by the two donor plants were investigated under low potassium stress(5 mg·L-1 K,denoted as K-)and normal potassium(40 mg·L-1 K,denoted as K+).The result showed that,under K-condition,the two rice accessions inhibited the growth of barnyardgrass to different extents.The inhibitory effect(IR,%)of allelopathic rice PI312777 on barnyardgrass was greatly higher than that of non-allelopathic rice Lemont,showing 56.19%(IR,the same below)VS 14.67% in the suppression of root length of barnyardgrass,35.78% VS 9.27% in plant height,and 46.24% VS 9.47% in dry weight.Under K-condition,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT),and the root activity of barnyardgrass were descended at a higher rate when the target plants were co-cultured with allelopathic rice PI312777 than those with non-allelopathic rice Lemont.Furthermore,analysis of Real time Fluorescent Quantitative PCR(FQ-PCR)showed that,under K-condition,phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,cinnamate-4-hydroxylase,hydroxylase,and O-methyltransferases,which are the key enzymes in phenolic metabolic pathway,were all up-regulated in root and leaves of allelopathic rice PI312777.But all these enzymes were down-regulated in non-allelopathic rice Lemont except phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in leave.HMG-CoA reductase,squalene synthase,monoterpenes cyclase,sesquiterpene cyclase,and diterpene cyclase,which are the key enzymes in isoprenoid metabolic pathway,performed the same expression pattern in roots of the two rice accessions,and it was also found that in leaves of non-allelopathic rice Lemont,HMG-CoA reductase was up-regulated and the other four enzyme genes were down-regulated.But in allelopathic rice PI312777,only squalene synthase showed down-regulated,the reverse was true in the other enzyme genes.The result from the analysis of phenolic acids in two rice root exudates by using HPLC showed that,the total amount of ten phenolic acids concerned in allelopathic rice PI312777 under K-condition,was 2.30 times as those as under the K+ condition.However it was only 0.91 times in non-allelopathic rice Lemont under the same condition.It is therefore suggested that enhancement of rice allelopathic potential in the suppression of the target weeds under K deficiency might be attributed to the up-regulation of the key enzymes involved in phenolic metabolism,which leaded to the activation of phenolic metabolism,and increased phenolic allelochemicals,consequently inhibited growth of barnyardgrass.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Under potassium deficiency PI312777 suppressed barnyardgrass root length by 56.19%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- PI312777e1
- Treatment
- K-conditione1
- Interactor
- barnyardgrass
Echinochloa crus-gallie0weed - Outcome
- suppression of root length of barnyardgrasse0
- Direction
- suppressione0
- Value
- 56.19%e0
- Comparator
- Lemonte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“56.19%(IR,the same below)VS 14.67% in the suppression of root length of barnyardgrass”
e1“The result showed that,under K-condition,the two rice accessions inhibited the growth of barnyardgrass to different extents.The inhibitory effect(IR,%)of allelopathic rice PI312777 on barnyardgrass was greatly higher than that of non-allelopathic rice Lemont,showing 56.19%(IR,the same below)VS 14.67% in the suppression of root length of barnyardgrass,35.78% VS 9.27% in plant height,and 46.24% VS 9.47% in dry weight.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Under potassium deficiency Lemont suppressed barnyardgrass root length by 14.67%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Lemonte1
- Treatment
- K-conditione1
- Interactor
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie0weed
- Outcome
- suppression of root length of barnyardgrasse0
- Direction
- suppressione0
- Value
- 14.67%e0
- Comparator
- PI312777e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“56.19%(IR,the same below)VS 14.67% in the suppression of root length of barnyardgrass”
e1“The result showed that,under K-condition,the two rice accessions inhibited the growth of barnyardgrass to different extents.The inhibitory effect(IR,%)of allelopathic rice PI312777 on barnyardgrass was greatly higher than that of non-allelopathic rice Lemont,showing 56.19%(IR,the same below)VS 14.67% in the suppression of root length of barnyardgrass,35.78% VS 9.27% in plant height,and 46.24% VS 9.47% in dry weight.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
PI312777 suppressed barnyardgrass height by 35.78%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- PI312777e1
- Treatment
- K-conditione1
- Interactor
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie1weede0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- suppressione1
- Value
- 35.78%e0
- Comparator
- Lemonte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“35.78% VS 9.27% in plant height”
e1“The result showed that,under K-condition,the two rice accessions inhibited the growth of barnyardgrass to different extents.The inhibitory effect(IR,%)of allelopathic rice PI312777 on barnyardgrass was greatly higher than that of non-allelopathic rice Lemont,showing 56.19%(IR,the same below)VS 14.67% in the suppression of root length of barnyardgrass,35.78% VS 9.27% in plant height,and 46.24% VS 9.47% in dry weight.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Lemont suppressed barnyardgrass height by 9.27%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Lemonte1
- Treatment
- K-conditione1
- Interactor
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie1weede0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- suppressione1
- Value
- 9.27%e0
- Comparator
- PI312777e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“35.78% VS 9.27% in plant height”
e1“The result showed that,under K-condition,the two rice accessions inhibited the growth of barnyardgrass to different extents.The inhibitory effect(IR,%)of allelopathic rice PI312777 on barnyardgrass was greatly higher than that of non-allelopathic rice Lemont,showing 56.19%(IR,the same below)VS 14.67% in the suppression of root length of barnyardgrass,35.78% VS 9.27% in plant height,and 46.24% VS 9.47% in dry weight.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
PI312777 suppressed barnyardgrass dry weight by 46.24%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- PI312777e1
- Treatment
- K-conditione1
- Interactor
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie1weede0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- suppressione1
- Value
- 46.24%e0
- Comparator
- Lemonte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“46.24% VS 9.47% in dry weight”
e1“The result showed that,under K-condition,the two rice accessions inhibited the growth of barnyardgrass to different extents.The inhibitory effect(IR,%)of allelopathic rice PI312777 on barnyardgrass was greatly higher than that of non-allelopathic rice Lemont,showing 56.19%(IR,the same below)VS 14.67% in the suppression of root length of barnyardgrass,35.78% VS 9.27% in plant height,and 46.24% VS 9.47% in dry weight.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Lemont suppressed barnyardgrass dry weight by 9.47%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Lemonte1
- Treatment
- K-conditione1
- Interactor
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie1weede0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- suppressione1
- Value
- 9.47%e0
- Comparator
- PI312777e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“46.24% VS 9.47% in dry weight”
e1“The result showed that,under K-condition,the two rice accessions inhibited the growth of barnyardgrass to different extents.The inhibitory effect(IR,%)of allelopathic rice PI312777 on barnyardgrass was greatly higher than that of non-allelopathic rice Lemont,showing 56.19%(IR,the same below)VS 14.67% in the suppression of root length of barnyardgrass,35.78% VS 9.27% in plant height,and 46.24% VS 9.47% in dry weight.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Barnyardgrass SOD, POD and CAT activities declined faster with PI312777 than Lemont.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- PI312777e0
- Treatment
- co-cultured with allelopathic rice PI312777e0
- Interactor
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie0weed
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT)e0
- Direction
- descendede0
- Comparator
- non-allelopathic rice Lemonte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT),and the root activity of barnyardgrass were descended at a higher rate when the target plants were co-cultured with allelopathic rice PI312777 than those with non-allelopathic rice Lemont”
Claim · model-written summary
Barnyardgrass root activity declined faster with PI312777 than Lemont.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- PI312777e0
- Treatment
- co-cultured with allelopathic rice PI312777e0
- Interactor
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie0weed
- Outcome
- root activity of barnyardgrasse0
- Direction
- descendede0
- Comparator
- non-allelopathic rice Lemonte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT),and the root activity of barnyardgrass were descended at a higher rate when the target plants were co-cultured with allelopathic rice PI312777 than those with non-allelopathic rice Lemont”
Claim · model-written summary
In deficient potassium, phenolic pathway enzymes were up regulated in PI312777 roots and leaves.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- PI312777e0
- Organ / stage
- root and leavese0
- Treatment
- K-conditione0
- Gene
- phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,cinnamate-4-hydroxylase,hydroxylase,and O-methyltransferasese0
- Outcome
- up-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under K-condition,phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,cinnamate-4-hydroxylase,hydroxylase,and O-methyltransferases,which are the key enzymes in phenolic metabolic pathway,were all up-regulated in root and leaves of allelopathic rice PI312777”
Claim · model-written summary
In deficient potassium, phenolic pathway enzymes except leaf phenylalanine ammonia lyase were down regulated in Lemont.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Lemonte0
- Gene
- phenylalanine ammonia-lyasee0
- Outcome
- down-regulatede0
- Qualifier
- except phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in leavee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all these enzymes were down-regulated in non-allelopathic rice Lemont except phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in leave”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoprenoid pathway enzymes had the same root expression pattern in both rice accessions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Gene
- HMG-CoA reductase,squalene synthase,monoterpenes cyclase,sesquiterpene cyclase,and diterpene cyclasee0
- Outcome
- same expression patterne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HMG-CoA reductase,squalene synthase,monoterpenes cyclase,sesquiterpene cyclase,and diterpene cyclase,which are the key enzymes in isoprenoid metabolic pathway,performed the same expression pattern in roots of the two rice accessions”
Claim · model-written summary
Lemont leaf HMG-CoA reductase was up regulated under potassium deficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Lemonte0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Gene
- HMG-CoA reductasee0
- Outcome
- up-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in leaves of non-allelopathic rice Lemont,HMG-CoA reductase was up-regulated and the other four enzyme genes were down-regulated”
Claim · model-written summary
Four other isoprenoid enzyme genes were down regulated in Lemont leaves.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Lemonte0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- the other four enzyme genes were down-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in leaves of non-allelopathic rice Lemont,HMG-CoA reductase was up-regulated and the other four enzyme genes were down-regulated”
Claim · model-written summary
Squalene synthase was down regulated in PI312777 leaves.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- PI312777e0
- Gene
- squalene synthasee0
- Outcome
- down-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“But in allelopathic rice PI312777,only squalene synthase showed down-regulated,the reverse was true in the other enzyme genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Other isoprenoid enzyme genes were up regulated in PI312777 leaves.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- PI312777e0
- Outcome
- the reverse was true in the other enzyme genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“But in allelopathic rice PI312777,only squalene synthase showed down-regulated,the reverse was true in the other enzyme genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Total phenolic acids in PI312777 root exudates under potassium deficiency were 2.30 times the normal potassium level.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- PI312777e0
- Treatment
- K-conditione0
- Outcome
- total amount of ten phenolic acidse0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 2.30 timese0
- Comparator
- K+ conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the total amount of ten phenolic acids concerned in allelopathic rice PI312777 under K-condition,was 2.30 times as those as under the K+ condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Total phenolic acids in Lemont root exudates under potassium deficiency were 0.91 times the normal potassium level.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Lemonte0
- Treatment
- K-conditione1
- Outcome
- total amount of ten phenolic acidse1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 0.91 timese0
- Comparator
- K+ conditione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However it was only 0.91 times in non-allelopathic rice Lemont under the same condition”
e1“the total amount of ten phenolic acids concerned in allelopathic rice PI312777 under K-condition,was 2.30 times as those as under the K+ condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium deficiency may enhance rice allelopathy through increased phenolic metabolism and allelochemicals.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie0weed
- Outcome
- suppression of the target weedse0
- Qualifier
- up-regulation of the key enzymes involved in phenolic metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhancement of rice allelopathic potential in the suppression of the target weeds under K deficiency might be attributed to the up-regulation of the key enzymes involved in phenolic metabolism,which leaded to the activation of phenolic metabolism,and increased phenolic allelochemicals,consequently inhibited growth of barnyardgrass”
The same questions in other papers
allelopathy · Echinochloa crus-galli · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.