Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect and its mechanism of abscisic acid(ABA),salicylic acid(SA) and calcium chloride(CaCl2) on cold resistance of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings.Cucumber(cv.Jinyou 35) seedlings pretreated with a foliar spray of 0.1 mmol·L-1 ABA,1 mmol·L-1 SA,10 mmol·L-1 CaCl2,or distilled water(control) were displaced into growth chambers and treated under low temperature(day/night temperature is 8 ℃/5 ℃).The results revealed that low temperature stress significantly increased the chilling injury index,electrolyte leakage(EL),contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2).The peroxidase(POD) activity increased gradually with stress time,whereas,activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione reducase(GR) increased at first and reduced later.The contents of proline and soluble sugar enhanced remarkably with stress time.Pretreated with ABA,SA or CaCl2 before exposure to stress condition,the cold injury indexes of cucumber seedlings decreased by 50.0%,40.0% and 47.1%,respectively.ABA,SA and CaCl2 treatment seedlings showed significant lower increase degree in EL and MDA content compared with control seedlings.At the initial stress stage,the increase degree of H2O2 content in ABA,SA and CaCl2 treatment seedlings were higher than that of control,but the H2O2 content in ABA,SA and CaCl2 treatment seedlings trend to reduction after 24 h,and were lower by 27.9%,27.5% and 34.4% respectively at 72 h,compared with that of control.The ABA,SA and CaCl2 treatment seedlings showed significant higher antioxidase activity and contents of proline and soluble sugar than those of control.These data suggest that ABA,SA and CaCl2 can induce cold resistance in cucumber seedlings,and the inductive effect may be related to the observed increase in antioxidase activity and osmoregulation capability.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Pretreatment with 0.1 mmol/L ABA decreased cold injury index of cucumber seedlings by 50.0%.
- Taxon
- Cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Treatment
- foliar spray of 0.1 mmol·L-1 ABAe0
- Outcome
- cold injury indexese1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 50.0%e1
- Comparator
- distilled watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inductive Effect of Abscisic Acid,Salicylic Acid,and Calcium on Cold Resistance of Cucumber Seedlings”
e0“Cucumber(cv.Jinyou 35) seedlings pretreated with a foliar spray of 0.1 mmol·L-1 ABA,1 mmol·L-1 SA,10 mmol·L-1 CaCl2,or distilled water(control)”
e1“Pretreated with ABA,SA or CaCl2 before exposure to stress condition,the cold injury indexes of cucumber seedlings decreased by 50.0%,40.0% and 47.1%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretreatment with 1 mmol/L SA decreased cold injury index of cucumber seedlings by 40.0%.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 1 mmol·L-1 SAe0
- Outcome
- cold injury indexese1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 40.0%e1
- Comparator
- distilled watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inductive Effect of Abscisic Acid,Salicylic Acid,and Calcium on Cold Resistance of Cucumber Seedlings”
e0“Cucumber(cv.Jinyou 35) seedlings pretreated with a foliar spray of 0.1 mmol·L-1 ABA,1 mmol·L-1 SA,10 mmol·L-1 CaCl2,or distilled water(control)”
e1“Pretreated with ABA,SA or CaCl2 before exposure to stress condition,the cold injury indexes of cucumber seedlings decreased by 50.0%,40.0% and 47.1%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretreatment with 10 mmol/L CaCl2 decreased cold injury index of cucumber seedlings by 47.1%.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 10 mmol·L-1 CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- cold injury indexese1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 47.1%e1
- Comparator
- distilled watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inductive Effect of Abscisic Acid,Salicylic Acid,and Calcium on Cold Resistance of Cucumber Seedlings”
e0“Cucumber(cv.Jinyou 35) seedlings pretreated with a foliar spray of 0.1 mmol·L-1 ABA,1 mmol·L-1 SA,10 mmol·L-1 CaCl2,or distilled water(control)”
e1“Pretreated with ABA,SA or CaCl2 before exposure to stress condition,the cold injury indexes of cucumber seedlings decreased by 50.0%,40.0% and 47.1%,respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature stress significantly increased chilling injury index in cucumber seedlings.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- low temperature stresse2
- Outcome
- chilling injury indexe2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inductive Effect of Abscisic Acid,Salicylic Acid,and Calcium on Cold Resistance of Cucumber Seedlings”
e2“low temperature stress significantly increased the chilling injury index,electrolyte leakage(EL),contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature stress significantly increased electrolyte leakage(EL) in cucumber seedlings.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- low temperature stresse2
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage(EL)e2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inductive Effect of Abscisic Acid,Salicylic Acid,and Calcium on Cold Resistance of Cucumber Seedlings”
e2“low temperature stress significantly increased the chilling injury index,electrolyte leakage(EL),contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature stress significantly increased contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) in cucumber seedlings.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- low temperature stresse2
- Outcome
- contents of malondialdehyde(MDA)e2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inductive Effect of Abscisic Acid,Salicylic Acid,and Calcium on Cold Resistance of Cucumber Seedlings”
e2“low temperature stress significantly increased the chilling injury index,electrolyte leakage(EL),contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature stress significantly increased hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) in cucumber seedlings.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- low temperature stresse2
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)e2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inductive Effect of Abscisic Acid,Salicylic Acid,and Calcium on Cold Resistance of Cucumber Seedlings”
e2“low temperature stress significantly increased the chilling injury index,electrolyte leakage(EL),contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA, SA and CaCl2 pretreatment reduced the increase in electrolyte leakage and MDA content under cold stress.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- ABA,SA and CaCl2e3
- Outcome
- EL and MDA contente3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Comparator
- control seedlingse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inductive Effect of Abscisic Acid,Salicylic Acid,and Calcium on Cold Resistance of Cucumber Seedlings”
e3“ABA,SA and CaCl2 treatment seedlings showed significant lower increase degree in EL and MDA content compared with control seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA pretreatment lowered H2O2 content by 27.9% relative to control at 72 h of cold stress.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- ABAe7
- Outcome
- H2O2 contente7
- Direction
- lowere7
- Value
- 27.9%e7
- Comparator
- that of controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inductive Effect of Abscisic Acid,Salicylic Acid,and Calcium on Cold Resistance of Cucumber Seedlings”
e7“but the H2O2 content in ABA,SA and CaCl2 treatment seedlings trend to reduction after 24 h, and were lower by 27.9%,27.5% and 34.4% respectively at 72 h,compared with that of control”
Claim · model-written summary
SA pretreatment lowered H2O2 content by 27.5% relative to control at 72 h of cold stress.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- SAe7
- Outcome
- H2O2 contente7
- Direction
- lowere7
- Value
- 27.5%e7
- Comparator
- that of controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inductive Effect of Abscisic Acid,Salicylic Acid,and Calcium on Cold Resistance of Cucumber Seedlings”
e7“but the H2O2 content in ABA,SA and CaCl2 treatment seedlings trend to reduction after 24 h, and were lower by 27.9%,27.5% and 34.4% respectively at 72 h,compared with that of control”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 pretreatment lowered H2O2 content by 34.4% relative to control at 72 h of cold stress.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- CaCl2e7
- Outcome
- H2O2 contente7
- Direction
- lowere7
- Value
- 34.4%e7
- Comparator
- that of controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inductive Effect of Abscisic Acid,Salicylic Acid,and Calcium on Cold Resistance of Cucumber Seedlings”
e7“but the H2O2 content in ABA,SA and CaCl2 treatment seedlings trend to reduction after 24 h, and were lower by 27.9%,27.5% and 34.4% respectively at 72 h,compared with that of control”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA, SA and CaCl2 pretreatment raised antioxidase activity and proline and soluble sugar contents above control.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- ABA,SA and CaCl2e5
- Outcome
- antioxidase activity and contents of proline and soluble sugare5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- those of controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inductive Effect of Abscisic Acid,Salicylic Acid,and Calcium on Cold Resistance of Cucumber Seedlings”
e5“The ABA,SA and CaCl2 treatment seedlings showed significant higher antioxidase activity and contents of proline and soluble sugar than those of control”
Claim · model-written summary
The cold-resistance induction may be related to increased antioxidase activity and osmoregulation capability.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- inductive effecte6
- Qualifier
- increase in antioxidase activity and osmoregulation capabilitye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inductive Effect of Abscisic Acid,Salicylic Acid,and Calcium on Cold Resistance of Cucumber Seedlings”
e6“the inductive effect may be related to the observed increase in antioxidase activity and osmoregulation capability”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA, SA and CaCl2 induce cold resistance in cucumber seedlings.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- ABA,SA and CaCl2e7
- Outcome
- cold resistancee7
- Direction
- increaseinferrede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inductive Effect of Abscisic Acid,Salicylic Acid,and Calcium on Cold Resistance of Cucumber Seedlings”
e7“ABA,SA and CaCl2 can induce cold resistance in cucumber seedlings”
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8 of 14 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.