Abstract
A pot experiment was conducted using four Japonica rice genotypes differing in cadmium (Cd)-tolerance and grain Cd concentration, to study the effect of Cd on growth and nutrition metabolism. Cd was added into soil to form 2 levels, i.e. 0 (CK) and 10 mg·kg-1 (Cd stress), respectively. The results showed that Cd stress significantly reduced grain yield and panicle number per plant, spikelets per panicle, filled spikelet rate and grain weight, and shoot dry weight at various growth stages for all four genotypes. Furthermore, these reductions varied in genotypes. The inhibition extent of genotypes with higher Cd-tolerance was smaller than that of genotypes with lower Cd-tolerance when exposed to Cd stress, and the genotype with higher grain Cd concentration showed more inhibition than one with lower grain Cd concentration. It is indicated that Cd-tolerance is consistent at different growth stages, so Cd-tolerance can be evaluated at early seedling growth. Cd stress significantly increased Cd concentration and accumulation in shoots and grains for all four genotypes, and the Cd-induced increase varied in growth stage and genotype. Cd concentration in shoots and grains became less with the progress of growth, but more for Cd accumulation, being similar to the change of dry weight. The results also showed that the effect of Cd stress on eight mineral nutrient concentrations in grains differed among genotypes and mineral nutrients. When exposed to Cd stress, reduced effect could be noted for grain K, P, Mg, Mn and Zn, thus resulting in reduced concentration. On the other hand, increased effect was found for Fe, Cu and Ca. Moreover, the effect of Cd stress on free amino acid concentration in rice grains varied in amino acids and genotypes. It was interestingly noted that Cd stress inhibited synthesis of S-containing amino acid, such as glutamic acid and cysteine, and the Cd-induced inhibition was severer in Cd-sensitive genotypes than Cd-tolerant ones. Meanwhile, the higher Cd-tolerant genotypes had higher glutamic acid and cysteine concentration in grains than the sensitive ones in all treatments. It is suggested that the metabolism of these amino acids may be associated with the response of Cd tolerance of the rice genotype.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Cd stress significantly reduced grain yield, panicle number, and spikelets per panicle in rice.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Cd stresse1
- Outcome
- grain yield and panicle number per plant, spikelets per paniclee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Setting
- pot experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Cadmium on Growth and Nutrition Metabolism in Rice”
e0“A pot experiment was conducted using four Japonica rice genotypes”
e1“Cd stress significantly reduced grain yield and panicle number per plant, spikelets per panicle, filled spikelet rate and grain weight, and shoot dry weight at various growth stages for all four genotypes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd stress significantly reduced filled spikelet rate, grain weight and shoot dry weight in rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse1
- Outcome
- filled spikelet rate and grain weight, and shoot dry weighte1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Cadmium on Growth and Nutrition Metabolism in Rice”
e1“Cd stress significantly reduced grain yield and panicle number per plant, spikelets per panicle, filled spikelet rate and grain weight, and shoot dry weight at various growth stages for all four genotypes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotypes with higher Cd-tolerance showed smaller growth inhibition under Cd stress than genotypes with lower Cd-tolerance.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- genotypes with higher Cd-tolerancee2
- Treatment
- Cd stresse2
- Outcome
- inhibition extente2
- Direction
- smallere2
- Comparator
- genotypes with lower Cd-tolerancee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Cadmium on Growth and Nutrition Metabolism in Rice”
e2“The inhibition extent of genotypes with higher Cd-tolerance was smaller than that of genotypes with lower Cd-tolerance when exposed to Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd-tolerance is consistent across growth stages, so it can be evaluated at early seedling growth in rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- early seedling growthe3
- Outcome
- Cd-tolerancee3
- Comparator
- different growth stagese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Cadmium on Growth and Nutrition Metabolism in Rice”
e3“It is indicated that Cd-tolerance is consistent at different growth stages, so Cd-tolerance can be evaluated at early seedling growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd stress significantly increased Cd concentration and accumulation in rice shoots and grains, varying with growth stage and genotype.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse4
- Outcome
- Cd concentration and accumulation in shoots and grainse4
- Direction
- significantly increasede4
- Qualifier
- varied in growth stage and genotypee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Cadmium on Growth and Nutrition Metabolism in Rice”
e4“Cd stress significantly increased Cd concentration and accumulation in shoots and grains for all four genotypes, and the Cd-induced increase varied in growth stage and genotype.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd concentration in rice shoots and grains decreased as growth progressed.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- progress of growthe5
- Outcome
- Cd concentration in shoots and grainse5
- Direction
- lesse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Cadmium on Growth and Nutrition Metabolism in Rice”
e5“Cd concentration in shoots and grains became less with the progress of growth, but more for Cd accumulation, being similar to the change of dry weight.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd accumulation in rice increased as growth progressed.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- progress of growthe5
- Outcome
- Cd accumulatione5
- Direction
- moree5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Cadmium on Growth and Nutrition Metabolism in Rice”
e5“Cd concentration in shoots and grains became less with the progress of growth, but more for Cd accumulation, being similar to the change of dry weight.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd stress reduced grain K, P and Mg concentration in rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse6
- Outcome
- grain K, P, Mge6
- Direction
- reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Cadmium on Growth and Nutrition Metabolism in Rice”
e6“When exposed to Cd stress, reduced effect could be noted for grain K, P, Mg, Mn and Zn, thus resulting in reduced concentration.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd stress reduced grain Mn and Zn concentration in rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse6
- Outcome
- Mn and Zne6
- Direction
- reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Cadmium on Growth and Nutrition Metabolism in Rice”
e6“When exposed to Cd stress, reduced effect could be noted for grain K, P, Mg, Mn and Zn, thus resulting in reduced concentration.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd stress increased grain Fe, Cu and Ca concentration in rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse6
- Outcome
- Fe, Cu and Cae7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Cadmium on Growth and Nutrition Metabolism in Rice”
e6“When exposed to Cd stress, reduced effect could be noted for grain K, P, Mg, Mn and Zn, thus resulting in reduced concentration.”
e7“On the other hand, increased effect was found for Fe, Cu and Ca.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd stress inhibited synthesis of S-containing amino acids such as glutamic acid and cysteine in rice grains.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Compound
- glutamic acid and cysteinee0
- Outcome
- synthesis of S-containing amino acide0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Cadmium on Growth and Nutrition Metabolism in Rice”
e0“Cd stress inhibited synthesis of S-containing amino acid, such as glutamic acid and cysteine, and the Cd-induced inhibition was severer in Cd-sensitive genotypes than Cd-tolerant ones.”
Claim · model-written summary
The Cd-induced inhibition of amino acid synthesis was more severe in Cd-sensitive rice genotypes than in Cd-tolerant ones.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Cd-sensitive genotypese0
- Outcome
- Cd-induced inhibitione0
- Direction
- severere0
- Comparator
- Cd-tolerant onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Cadmium on Growth and Nutrition Metabolism in Rice”
e0“Cd stress inhibited synthesis of S-containing amino acid, such as glutamic acid and cysteine, and the Cd-induced inhibition was severer in Cd-sensitive genotypes than Cd-tolerant ones.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd-tolerant rice genotypes had higher glutamic acid and cysteine concentration in grains than sensitive ones in all treatments.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- higher Cd-tolerant genotypese1
- Outcome
- glutamic acid and cysteine concentration in grainse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- in all treatmentse1
- Comparator
- sensitive onese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Cadmium on Growth and Nutrition Metabolism in Rice”
e1“Meanwhile, the higher Cd-tolerant genotypes had higher glutamic acid and cysteine concentration in grains than the sensitive ones in all treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of Cd stress on free amino acid concentration in rice grains varied among amino acids and genotypes.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- free amino acid concentration in rice grainse2
- Qualifier
- varied in amino acids and genotypese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Cadmium on Growth and Nutrition Metabolism in Rice”
e2“Moreover, the effect of Cd stress on free amino acid concentration in rice grains varied in amino acids and genotypes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolism of these amino acids may be associated with the Cd tolerance response of rice genotypes.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- these amino acidse3
- Outcome
- response of Cd tolerancee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of Cadmium on Growth and Nutrition Metabolism in Rice”
e3“It is suggested that the metabolism of these amino acids may be associated with the response of Cd tolerance of the rice genotype.”
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