Abstract
Calcium can alleviate heavy metal stresses in plants. A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the physiological mechanisms of Chinese cabbage(Brassuca pekinensis)responses to cadmium(Cd)stress under exogenous calcium(Ca). Concentrations of Ca and Cd ions, reactive oxygen species(ROS), malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione, and endogenous nitric oxide(NO)as well as antioxidant enzymatic activities in cabbage leaves were determined. Meanwhile, the transduction function of Ca2+-CaM influenced by Trifluoperazine(TFP, 0.2 mmol·L-1)was also investigated. Cadmium stress decreased Ca concentrations in cabbage leaves, while exogenous Ca addition increased Ca but decreased Cd concentrations in the leaves. However, TFP had no significant effects on the concentrations of Ca and Cd. Cadmium induced ROS outburst in cabbage leaves, resulting in the peroxidation of plasmalemma and also suppressed superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity. However Cd increased the activities of ascorbate peroxidase(APX), catalase(CAT), and peroxidase(POD)and the concentration of clutathione(GSH), causing an escalated peroxide pressure in cabbage leaves. Exogenous Ca addition alleviated Cd induced pressure, but such alleviating effect was weakened by TFP addition. Nitric oxide concentrations in cabbage leaves were reduced by Cd but increased by exogenous Ca. This boosting effect of Ca was depressed by TFP addition. These results suggest that exogenous Ca reduces the Cd stress in cabbage leaves through decreasing Cd uptake and increasing antioxidant capability by Ca2+-CaM signal pathway.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress decreased leaf calcium concentration.
- Taxon
- Chinese Cabbage
Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0 - Treatment
- Cadmium stresse0
- Outcome
- Ca concentrations in cabbage leavese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium stress decreased Ca concentrations in cabbage leaves”
t0“Chinese Cabbage (Brassuca pekinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous calcium increased leaf calcium concentration.
- Taxon
- Chinese CabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- exogenous Ca additione0
- Outcome
- Cae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous Ca addition increased Ca but decreased Cd concentrations in the leaves”
t0“Chinese Cabbage (Brassuca pekinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous calcium decreased leaf cadmium concentration.
- Taxon
- Chinese CabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- exogenous Ca additione0
- Outcome
- Cd concentrations in the leavese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous Ca addition increased Ca but decreased Cd concentrations in the leaves”
t0“Chinese Cabbage (Brassuca pekinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
TFP had no significant effect on leaf calcium and cadmium concentrations.
- Taxon
- Chinese CabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- TFPe0
- Outcome
- concentrations of Ca and Cde0
- Direction
- no significant effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TFP had no significant effects on the concentrations of Ca and Cd”
t0“Chinese Cabbage (Brassuca pekinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium induced a reactive oxygen species outburst in cabbage leaves.
- Taxon
- Chinese CabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- Cadmiume0
- Outcome
- ROS outburst in cabbage leavese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium induced ROS outburst in cabbage leaves”
t0“Chinese Cabbage (Brassuca pekinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium suppressed superoxide dismutase activity.
- Taxon
- Chinese CabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- Cadmiume1
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase(SOD)activitye0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suppressed superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity”
e1“Cadmium induced ROS outburst in cabbage leaves”
t0“Chinese Cabbage (Brassuca pekinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased APX, CAT, and POD activities and GSH concentration.
- Taxon
- Chinese CabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- activities of ascorbate peroxidase(APX), catalase(CAT), and peroxidase(POD)and the concentration of clutathione(GSH)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd increased the activities of ascorbate peroxidase(APX), catalase(CAT), and peroxidase(POD)and the concentration of clutathione(GSH)”
t0“Chinese Cabbage (Brassuca pekinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous calcium alleviated cadmium-induced pressure.
- Taxon
- Chinese CabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- Exogenous Ca additione0
- Outcome
- Cd induced pressuree0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous Ca addition alleviated Cd induced pressure”
t0“Chinese Cabbage (Brassuca pekinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
TFP weakened the alleviating effect of calcium.
- Taxon
- Chinese CabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- TFP additione0
- Outcome
- alleviating effecte0
- Direction
- weakenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“such alleviating effect was weakened by TFP addition”
t0“Chinese Cabbage (Brassuca pekinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced nitric oxide concentrations in cabbage leaves.
- Taxon
- Chinese CabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- Nitric oxide concentrations in cabbage leavese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitric oxide concentrations in cabbage leaves were reduced by Cd”
t0“Chinese Cabbage (Brassuca pekinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous calcium increased nitric oxide concentrations.
- Taxon
- Chinese CabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- exogenous Cae0
- Outcome
- Nitric oxide concentrations in cabbage leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitric oxide concentrations in cabbage leaves were reduced by Cd but increased by exogenous Ca”
t0“Chinese Cabbage (Brassuca pekinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
TFP depressed the calcium-induced increase in nitric oxide.
- Taxon
- Chinese CabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- TFP additione0
- Outcome
- Nitric oxide concentrations in cabbage leavese1
- Direction
- depressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This boosting effect of Ca was depressed by TFP addition”
e1“Nitric oxide concentrations in cabbage leaves were reduced by Cd but increased by exogenous Ca”
t0“Chinese Cabbage (Brassuca pekinensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute calcium protection to reduced cadmium uptake and enhanced antioxidant capacity through Ca2+-CaM signaling.
- Taxon
- Chinese CabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- exogenous Cae0
- Outcome
- Cd stress in cabbage leavese0
- Qualifier
- Ca2+-CaM signal pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous Ca reduces the Cd stress in cabbage leaves through decreasing Cd uptake and increasing antioxidant capability by Ca2+-CaM signal pathway”
t0“Chinese Cabbage (Brassuca pekinensis)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.