Abstract
Seeds of Medicago sativa L.cv.‘Gannong No.3'were used as test material to study the effects of different cadmium concentrations on seed germination and physiological and biochemical characteristics.The results showed that:(1)Cadmium significantly inhibited seed generation and bud growth.The germination energy,germination rate,bud and hypocotyl lengths,and dry weight decreased significantly.The inhibition effect on germination energy was found stronger than that on germination rate,and on hypocotyl length was found stronger than that on bud.(2)On the 4th day of germination,proteolytic enzyme activity in seeds was significantly inhibited,together with the significant decrease of soluble protein and soluble sugar contents(P0.05).(3)On the 10th day of germination,the activities of SOD,APX and GPX increased firstly and then decreased,CAT activity decreased continuously,while superoxide radical generation rate,H2 O2 and MDA contents increased significantly,indicating that low cadmium concentration promoted the scavenging capacity of anti-oxidative system in seedlings while under high cadmium concentration,the anti-oxidative system activity decreased,and lipid peroxidation accelerated.The excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen was the main reason for seedling damage and biomass decrease.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium inhibited seed germination of alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativat0 - Material
- Gannong No.3e0
- Treatment
- Cadmiume1
- Outcome
- seed generatione1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa under Cadmium Stress”
e0“Seeds of Medicago sativa L.cv.‘Gannong No.3'were used as test material”
e1“Cadmium significantly inhibited seed generation and bud growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium decreased the germination energy and germination rate of alfalfa seeds.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Material
- Gannong No.3e0
- Treatment
- Cadmiume1
- Outcome
- germination energy,germination ratee2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa under Cadmium Stress”
e0“Seeds of Medicago sativa L.cv.‘Gannong No.3'were used as test material”
e1“Cadmium significantly inhibited seed generation and bud growth”
e2“The germination energy,germination rate,bud and hypocotyl lengths,and dry weight decreased significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium decreased bud and hypocotyl lengths and dry weight of alfalfa seedlings.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Material
- Gannong No.3e0
- Treatment
- Cadmiume1
- Outcome
- bud and hypocotyl lengths,and dry weighte2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa under Cadmium Stress”
e0“Seeds of Medicago sativa L.cv.‘Gannong No.3'were used as test material”
e1“Cadmium significantly inhibited seed generation and bud growth”
e2“The germination energy,germination rate,bud and hypocotyl lengths,and dry weight decreased significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
The cadmium inhibition effect on germination energy was stronger than that on germination rate.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Cadmiume1
- Outcome
- germination energye3
- Direction
- strongere3
- Comparator
- germination ratee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa under Cadmium Stress”
e1“Cadmium significantly inhibited seed generation and bud growth”
e3“The inhibition effect on germination energy was found stronger than that on germination rate”
Claim · model-written summary
The cadmium inhibition effect on hypocotyl length was stronger than that on bud.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Cadmiume1
- Outcome
- hypocotyl lengthe4
- Direction
- strongere4
- Comparator
- bude4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa under Cadmium Stress”
e1“Cadmium significantly inhibited seed generation and bud growth”
e4“on hypocotyl length was found stronger than that on bud”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium inhibited proteolytic enzyme activity in alfalfa seeds on the 4th day of germination.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Cadmiume1
- Outcome
- proteolytic enzyme activity in seedse5
- Direction
- inhibitede5
- Qualifier
- On the 4th day of germinatione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa under Cadmium Stress”
e1“Cadmium significantly inhibited seed generation and bud growth”
e5“On the 4th day of germination,proteolytic enzyme activity in seeds was significantly inhibited”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium decreased soluble protein and soluble sugar contents in alfalfa seedlings.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Cadmiume1
- Outcome
- soluble protein and soluble sugar contentse6
- Direction
- decreasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa under Cadmium Stress”
e1“Cadmium significantly inhibited seed generation and bud growth”
e6“together with the significant decrease of soluble protein and soluble sugar contents”
Claim · model-written summary
On the 10th day of germination, the activities of SOD, APX and GPX in alfalfa seedlings increased and then decreased under cadmium.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Cadmiume1
- Outcome
- the activities of SOD,APX and GPXe7
- Direction
- increased firstly and then decreasede7
- Qualifier
- On the 10th day of germinatione7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa under Cadmium Stress”
e1“Cadmium significantly inhibited seed generation and bud growth”
e7“On the 10th day of germination,the activities of SOD,APX and GPX increased firstly and then decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium decreased CAT activity continuously in alfalfa seedlings.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Cadmiume1
- Outcome
- CAT activitye2
- Direction
- decreased continuouslye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa under Cadmium Stress”
e1“Cadmium significantly inhibited seed generation and bud growth”
e2“CAT activity decreased continuously”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased superoxide radical generation rate, H2O2 and MDA contents in alfalfa seedlings.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Cadmiume1
- Outcome
- superoxide radical generation rate,H2 O2 and MDA contentse2
- Direction
- increased significantlye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa under Cadmium Stress”
e1“Cadmium significantly inhibited seed generation and bud growth”
e2“superoxide radical generation rate,H2 O2 and MDA contents increased significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Low cadmium concentration promoted the scavenging capacity of the anti-oxidative system in alfalfa seedlings.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- low cadmium concentratione1
- Outcome
- scavenging capacity of anti-oxidative system in seedlingse1
- Direction
- promotede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa under Cadmium Stress”
e1“low cadmium concentration promoted the scavenging capacity of anti-oxidative system in seedlings while under high cadmium concentration,the anti-oxidative system activity decreased,and lipid peroxidation accelerated”
Claim · model-written summary
High cadmium concentration decreased the activity of the anti-oxidative system in alfalfa seedlings.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- high cadmium concentratione1
- Outcome
- anti-oxidative system activitye1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa under Cadmium Stress”
e1“low cadmium concentration promoted the scavenging capacity of anti-oxidative system in seedlings while under high cadmium concentration,the anti-oxidative system activity decreased,and lipid peroxidation accelerated”
Claim · model-written summary
High cadmium concentration accelerated lipid peroxidation in alfalfa seedlings.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- high cadmium concentratione1
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione1
- Direction
- acceleratede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa under Cadmium Stress”
e1“low cadmium concentration promoted the scavenging capacity of anti-oxidative system in seedlings while under high cadmium concentration,the anti-oxidative system activity decreased,and lipid peroxidation accelerated”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen is the main reason for seedling damage and biomass decrease of alfalfa under cadmium.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- seedling damage and biomass decreasee1
- Qualifier
- The excessive accumulation of reactive oxygene1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa under Cadmium Stress”
e1“The excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen was the main reason for seedling damage and biomass decrease”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.