Abstract
Dynamic changes of starch, amylose, sucrose contents and the activities of starch synthesis enzymes under shading treatments after flowering were studied using two rice varieties IR72 (indica) and Nipponbare (japonica) as materials. Under shading treatments, the starch, amylose and sucrose contents decreased, while ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (ADPGPPase) activity only changed a little, soluble starch synthase activity and granule bound starch synthase activity decreased, soluble starch branching enzyme (SSBE, Q-enzyme) activity and granule bound starch branching enzyme (GBSBE, Q-enzyme) activity increased, and starch debranching enzyme (DBE, R-enzyme) activity varied with varieties. Correlation analyses showed that the changes of starch content were positively and significantly correlated with the changes of sucrose content in the weak light. Both ADPGPPase activity and SSBE activity were positively and significantly correlated with starch accumulation rate. It was implied that the decline of starch synthase activities was related to the decrease of starch content and the increase of the activity of starch branching enzyme played an important role in the decrease of the ratio of amylose to the total starch under the weak light. Photosynthetic product in rice plant is transported to grains mainly in the form of sucrose. Sucrose in the grains eventually becomes starch through a series of enzymatic reactions (1-2) . The starch weight accounts for 90% of the brown rice (3-4) , so the course of the rice grain filling is the biochemical process in which starch is mainly formed, and the factor of light is indispensable at the course. Much research has been conducted to study the influence of the light on the grain starch synthesis in rice, mostly on the starch accumulation (5-9) , while less on the activities of starch synthesis enzymes. At present, there are so many reports on activities of starch synthesis enzymes (10-21) , but fewer have been reported on the changes of activities of starch synthesis enzymes in rice under the weak light. Therefore, an experiment with shading treatment was conducted to reveal the influence of the weak light on the activities of starch synthesis enzymes in rice.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Shading reduced starch, amylose and sucrose contents.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- shading treatmentse0
- Outcome
- starch, amylose and sucrose contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under shading treatments, the starch, amylose and sucrose contents decreased”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading caused little change in ADPGPPase activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- shading treatmentse1
- Outcome
- ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (ADPGPPase) activitye0
- Direction
- only changed a littlee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (ADPGPPase) activity only changed a little”
t0“rice”
e1“Under shading treatments, the starch, amylose and sucrose contents decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading decreased soluble and granule bound starch synthase activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- shading treatmentse1
- Outcome
- soluble starch synthase activity and granule bound starch synthase activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soluble starch synthase activity and granule bound starch synthase activity decreased”
t0“rice”
e1“Under shading treatments, the starch, amylose and sucrose contents decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading increased soluble and granule bound starch branching enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- shading treatmentse1
- Outcome
- soluble starch branching enzyme (SSBE, Q-enzyme) activity and granule bound starch branching enzyme (GBSBE, Q-enzyme) activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soluble starch branching enzyme (SSBE, Q-enzyme) activity and granule bound starch branching enzyme (GBSBE, Q-enzyme) activity increased”
t0“rice”
e1“Under shading treatments, the starch, amylose and sucrose contents decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading effects on starch debranching enzyme activity varied by variety.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- varietiese0
- Treatment
- shading treatmentse1
- Outcome
- starch debranching enzyme (DBE, R-enzyme) activitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“starch debranching enzyme (DBE, R-enzyme) activity varied with varieties”
t0“rice”
e1“Under shading treatments, the starch, amylose and sucrose contents decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch content changes correlated positively with sucrose content changes under weak light.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- sucrosee0
- Outcome
- changes of starch contente0
- Direction
- positivelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes of starch content were positively and significantly correlated with the changes of sucrose content in the weak light”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
ADPGPPase activity correlated positively with starch accumulation rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- ADPGPPasee0
- Outcome
- starch accumulation ratee0
- Direction
- positivelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both ADPGPPase activity and SSBE activity were positively and significantly correlated with starch accumulation rate”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SSBE activity correlated positively with starch accumulation rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- SSBEe0
- Outcome
- starch accumulation ratee0
- Direction
- positivelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both ADPGPPase activity and SSBE activity were positively and significantly correlated with starch accumulation rate”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced starch synthase activity was linked to reduced starch content under weak light.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- starch synthasee0
- Outcome
- decrease of starch contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the decline of starch synthase activities was related to the decrease of starch content”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased starch branching enzyme activity contributed to a lower amylose to total starch ratio.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- starch branching enzymee0
- Outcome
- ratio of amylose to the total starche0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase of the activity of starch branching enzyme played an important role in the decrease of the ratio of amylose to the total starch under the weak light”
t0“rice”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.