Abstract
In recent years organic fertilizer application has been paid more and more attention.The benefits of application of organic materials lie in its biological regulation to fruit trees through organic management in orchard systems.It has been demonstrated that organic fertilizers can improve growth and development of plants and heighten fruit qualities.Although a variety of foliar fertilizers such as extracted solution,distilled solution and fermented solutions from diverse plants are widely applied in agricultural system,a relatively little information is known about the mechanism of foliar fertilizer application to enhance the growth of shoot and leaf,promote fruit development,and alleviate stresses from pests and diseases.Aromatic plant-derived nutrient solution was made from aromatic plant material,sugar,ferment agent and water,among which aromatic plant materials came from intercrops in orchard,and fermented in some specific conditions.It has many functions,such as nutrition,insect resistance and antibacterial.Due to the characteristics of different organs and tissues,ferment solutions have different applications.In order to explore effects of aromatic plant-derived nutrient solution on the growth,fruit quality and prevention of disease in fruit plant,20 years old 'Fengshui' pear trees were selected as materials for treatments of foliar application with plant-derived nutrient solutions.The treatments were as follows: Tagetes patula(Tr1),Perilla frutescens(Tr2),Hyssopus officinalis(Tr3),Mentha canadensis(Tr4),Centaurea cyanu(Tr5),as well as their proportional mixture(Tr6),respectively.And bio-bacterial manure 'Nanguochun',a kind of foliar fertilizers(Tr7) and water(Tr8) as controls.We found that in compared with 'Nanguochun' foliar fertilizer,all aromatic plant-derived nutrient solutions in the present experiment were in proper proportion of mineral elements,and contained higher available P,Ca,Mg contents,greater soluble sugar,solid materials and Vc contents,as well as well-proportioned hormones including upper indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) and cytokinin(CK) contents.The foliar application of both plant-derived nutrient solutions and 'Nanguochun' remarkably promoted new shoots growth,leaf area and chlorophyll contents,and leaves′ absorption of mineral nutrients.Furthermore,single fruit weight,soluble sugar content,soluble solid materials content and Vc content increased significantly in pear fruits.And also,the foliar application of both plant-derived nutrient solutions displayed preventive effects on Venturia Pirina Aderh,Pnysalospora pinicola Nose and Valisa mali in leaves and fruits of pear plant.In terms of compared effects of different treatments,Tr3 and Tr4 greatly increased mineral nutrient contents in leaves,and Tr3 largely improved the growth of new tips and leaf area;in addition,Tr3 obviously hastened the growth and development of pear trees.Differing from Tr3,Tr4 markedly enhanced single fruit weight,soluble solid content and sugar/acids ratio,resulting in improvement of fruit quality.Besides the above functions,both Tr1 and Tr4 still showed well prevention of 3 pear diseases.In conclusion,the investigation suggested that there were large amount of mineral elements,organic nutrition and hormones in aromatic plant-derived nutrient solutions,as well as well-proportioned nutrition factors.These comprehensive ingredients perhaps help to improve growth of trees,mineral nutrient contents in leaves and fruit quality,and simultaneously played a role in the prevention of diseases of leaves and fruits of pear trees.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
The aromatic plant-derived nutrient solutions contained higher available P, Ca and Mg contents than the Nanguochun foliar fertilizer.
- Taxon
- pear trees
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=60)
Pyrus communise0 - Material
- Fengshuie0
- Treatment
- aromatic plant-derived nutrient solutionse1
- Outcome
- available P,Ca,Mg contentse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- 'Nanguochun' foliar fertilizere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“20 years old 'Fengshui' pear trees were selected as materials for treatments of foliar application with plant-derived nutrient solutions”
e1“We found that in compared with 'Nanguochun' foliar fertilizer,all aromatic plant-derived nutrient solutions in the present experiment were in proper proportion of mineral elements,and contained higher available P,Ca,Mg contents”
Claim · model-written summary
The aromatic plant-derived nutrient solutions contained greater soluble sugar, solid material and Vc contents than the Nanguochun foliar fertilizer.
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise0
- Material
- Fengshuie0
- Treatment
- aromatic plant-derived nutrient solutionse1
- Outcome
- soluble sugar,solid materials and Vc contentse2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Comparator
- 'Nanguochun' foliar fertilizere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“20 years old 'Fengshui' pear trees were selected as materials for treatments of foliar application with plant-derived nutrient solutions”
e1“We found that in compared with 'Nanguochun' foliar fertilizer,all aromatic plant-derived nutrient solutions in the present experiment were in proper proportion of mineral elements,and contained higher available P,Ca,Mg contents”
e2“and contained higher available P,Ca,Mg contents,greater soluble sugar,solid materials and Vc contents”
Claim · model-written summary
The aromatic plant-derived nutrient solutions contained upper indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinin contents than the Nanguochun foliar fertilizer.
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise0
- Material
- Fengshuie0
- Treatment
- aromatic plant-derived nutrient solutionse1
- Outcome
- indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) and cytokinin(CK) contentse3
- Direction
- uppere3
- Comparator
- 'Nanguochun' foliar fertilizere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“20 years old 'Fengshui' pear trees were selected as materials for treatments of foliar application with plant-derived nutrient solutions”
e1“We found that in compared with 'Nanguochun' foliar fertilizer,all aromatic plant-derived nutrient solutions in the present experiment were in proper proportion of mineral elements,and contained higher available P,Ca,Mg contents”
e3“as well as well-proportioned hormones including upper indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) and cytokinin(CK) contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of the solutions and Nanguochun promoted new shoot growth, leaf area and chlorophyll contents of pear trees.
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise0
- Treatment
- foliar applicatione4
- Outcome
- new shoots growth,leaf area and chlorophyll contentse4
- Direction
- promotede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“20 years old 'Fengshui' pear trees were selected as materials for treatments of foliar application with plant-derived nutrient solutions”
e4“The foliar application of both plant-derived nutrient solutions and 'Nanguochun' remarkably promoted new shoots growth,leaf area and chlorophyll contents,and leaves′ absorption of mineral nutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of the solutions and Nanguochun promoted leaf absorption of mineral nutrients in pear trees.
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise0
- Treatment
- foliar applicatione4
- Outcome
- leaves′ absorption of mineral nutrientse4
- Direction
- promotede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“20 years old 'Fengshui' pear trees were selected as materials for treatments of foliar application with plant-derived nutrient solutions”
e4“The foliar application of both plant-derived nutrient solutions and 'Nanguochun' remarkably promoted new shoots growth,leaf area and chlorophyll contents,and leaves′ absorption of mineral nutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of the solutions and Nanguochun increased single fruit weight, soluble sugar content and soluble solid materials content of pear fruits significantly.
- Taxon
- pear fruitsPyrus communise5
- Treatment
- foliar applicatione4
- Outcome
- single fruit weight,soluble sugar content,soluble solid materials contente5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“20 years old 'Fengshui' pear trees were selected as materials for treatments of foliar application with plant-derived nutrient solutions”
e4“The foliar application of both plant-derived nutrient solutions and 'Nanguochun' remarkably promoted new shoots growth,leaf area and chlorophyll contents,and leaves′ absorption of mineral nutrients”
e5“single fruit weight,soluble sugar content,soluble solid materials content and Vc content increased significantly in pear fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of the solutions and Nanguochun increased Vc content of pear fruits significantly.
- Taxon
- pear fruitsPyrus communise5
- Treatment
- foliar applicatione4
- Outcome
- Vc contente5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“20 years old 'Fengshui' pear trees were selected as materials for treatments of foliar application with plant-derived nutrient solutions”
e4“The foliar application of both plant-derived nutrient solutions and 'Nanguochun' remarkably promoted new shoots growth,leaf area and chlorophyll contents,and leaves′ absorption of mineral nutrients”
e5“single fruit weight,soluble sugar content,soluble solid materials content and Vc content increased significantly in pear fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Tr3 and Tr4 greatly increased mineral nutrient contents in pear tree leaves.
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise0
- Treatment
- Tr3 and Tr4e6
- Outcome
- mineral nutrient contents in leavese6
- Direction
- greatly increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“20 years old 'Fengshui' pear trees were selected as materials for treatments of foliar application with plant-derived nutrient solutions”
e6“Tr3 and Tr4 greatly increased mineral nutrient contents in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Tr3 largely improved the growth of new tips and leaf area of pear trees.
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise0
- Treatment
- Tr3e7
- Outcome
- growth of new tips and leaf areae7
- Direction
- largely improvede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“20 years old 'Fengshui' pear trees were selected as materials for treatments of foliar application with plant-derived nutrient solutions”
e7“Tr3 largely improved the growth of new tips and leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
Tr3 obviously hastened the growth and development of pear trees.
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise1
- Treatment
- Tr3e1
- Outcome
- growth and developmente1
- Direction
- hastenede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Tr3 obviously hastened the growth and development of pear trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Tr4 markedly enhanced single fruit weight, soluble solid content and sugar/acids ratio of pear trees compared with Tr3.
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise0
- Treatment
- Tr4e1
- Outcome
- single fruit weight,soluble solid content and sugar/acids ratioe1
- Direction
- markedly enhancede1
- Comparator
- Tr3e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“20 years old 'Fengshui' pear trees were selected as materials for treatments of foliar application with plant-derived nutrient solutions”
e1“Differing from Tr3,Tr4 markedly enhanced single fruit weight,soluble solid content and sugar/acids ratio,resulting in improvement of fruit quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Tr4 improved fruit quality of pear trees compared with Tr3.
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise0
- Treatment
- Tr4e1
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye1
- Direction
- improvemente1
- Comparator
- Tr3e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“20 years old 'Fengshui' pear trees were selected as materials for treatments of foliar application with plant-derived nutrient solutions”
e1“Differing from Tr3,Tr4 markedly enhanced single fruit weight,soluble solid content and sugar/acids ratio,resulting in improvement of fruit quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Tr1 and Tr4 showed well prevention of three pear diseases.
- Taxon
- pear treesPyrus communise0
- Treatment
- Tr1 and Tr4e2
- Interactor
- Venturia Pirina Aderhe1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Pnysalospora pinicola Nosee1pathogen
- Outcome
- prevention of 3 pear diseasese2
- Direction
- well preventione2
- Qualifier
- Valisa malie1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“20 years old 'Fengshui' pear trees were selected as materials for treatments of foliar application with plant-derived nutrient solutions”
e1“the foliar application of both plant-derived nutrient solutions displayed preventive effects on Venturia Pirina Aderh,Pnysalospora pinicola Nose and Valisa mali in leaves and fruits of pear plant”
e2“both Tr1 and Tr4 still showed well prevention of 3 pear diseases”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of both plant-derived nutrient solutions displayed preventive effects on Venturia pirina, Pnysalospora pinicola and Valisa mali in pear leaves and fruits.
- Taxon
- pear plantPyrus communise1
- Treatment
- foliar application of both plant-derived nutrient solutionse1
- Interactor
- Venturia Pirina Aderhe1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Pnysalospora pinicola Nosee1pathogen
- Outcome
- preventive effects on Venturia Pirina Aderhe1
- Direction
- displayed preventive effectse1
- Qualifier
- Valisa malie1
- Setting
- in leaves and fruitse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the foliar application of both plant-derived nutrient solutions displayed preventive effects on Venturia Pirina Aderh,Pnysalospora pinicola Nose and Valisa mali in leaves and fruits of pear plant”
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