Abstract
Pot experiments were conducted to examine the copper(Cu) fractions,mobility,availability and uptake by rice in black soil affected by application of pig manure(PM). The results indicated that Cu was predominately distributed in organic and residual-bound fractions,while the percentages of carbonate and organic-bound fractions increased with increasing Cu concentrations in soil.The application of PM at the rate of 1% significantly reduced the DW(deionied water)-and DTPA-extractable Cu(P 0.01),but the increase in the amounts of TCLP(toxicity characteristics leaching procedure)-extractable Cu was not significant.The application of PM at the rate of 1% significantly declined the Cu mobility,effectively transformed soil Cu from soluble fractions to stable forms,but application of PM at the rate of 3% exhibited the opposite effect.The uptake of Cu by rice was very low compared with quantities accumulated in soil,however Cu concentrations in grains approached threshold level(GB 15199-1994,Cu ≤ 10 mg·kg-1) after Cu application of ≥ 400 mg·kg-1 in soil.The application of PM at the rate of 1% significantly reduced Cu concentrations in rice plant tissues(P 0.01).The results also suggested that pig manure application with moderate Cu enrichment could decline Cu bioavailability in Cu contaminated soil,but long-term and excessive amount of PM had a phototoxic effect and presented a potential threat to human health.Therefore,much attention should be paid regarding application of pig manures with high amount Cu for environmental and food safety.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Cu was mostly in organic and residual bound fractions.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Outcome
- Cu was predominately distributed in organic and residual-bound fractionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cu was predominately distributed in organic and residual-bound fractions”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbonate and organic bound soil Cu fractions increased with Cu concentration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing Cu concentrationse0
- Outcome
- percentages of carbonate and organic-bound fractionse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“percentages of carbonate and organic-bound fractions increased with increasing Cu concentrations in soil.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
One percent pig manure significantly reduced water and DTPA extractable Cu.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PM at the rate of 1%e0
- Outcome
- DW(deionied water)-and DTPA-extractable Cue0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of PM at the rate of 1% significantly reduced the DW(deionied water)-and DTPA-extractable Cu(P 0.01)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
One percent pig manure did not significantly increase TCLP extractable Cu.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PM at the rate of 1%e2
- Outcome
- TCLP(toxicity characteristics leaching procedure)-extractable Cue0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increase in the amounts of TCLP(toxicity characteristics leaching procedure)-extractable Cu was not significant.”
t0“rice”
e2“The application of PM at the rate of 1% significantly reduced the DW(deionied water)-and DTPA-extractable Cu(P 0.01)”
Claim · model-written summary
One percent pig manure significantly reduced Cu mobility.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PM at the rate of 1%e0
- Outcome
- Cu mobilitye0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of PM at the rate of 1% significantly declined the Cu mobility”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
One percent pig manure transformed soluble soil Cu into stable forms.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PM at the rate of 1%e2
- Outcome
- soil Cu from soluble fractions to stable formse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effectively transformed soil Cu from soluble fractions to stable forms”
t0“rice”
e2“The application of PM at the rate of 1% significantly reduced the DW(deionied water)-and DTPA-extractable Cu(P 0.01)”
Claim · model-written summary
Three percent pig manure had the opposite effect on Cu mobility.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PM at the rate of 3%e0
- Outcome
- opposite effecte0
- Direction
- opposite effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of PM at the rate of 3% exhibited the opposite effect.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice Cu uptake was low relative to accumulation in soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- uptake of Cue0
- Direction
- very lowe0
- Comparator
- quantities accumulated in soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The uptake of Cu by rice was very low compared with quantities accumulated in soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice grain Cu approached the threshold after high soil Cu application.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Cu application of ≥ 400 mg·kg-1e0
- Outcome
- Cu concentrations in grainse0
- Direction
- approachede0
- Value
- 10 mg·kg-1e0
- Comparator
- threshold levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cu concentrations in grains approached threshold level(GB 15199-1994,Cu ≤ 10 mg·kg-1) after Cu application of ≥ 400 mg·kg-1 in soil.”
e1“uptake by rice in black soil”
Claim · model-written summary
One percent pig manure significantly reduced rice tissue Cu concentrations.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- PM at the rate of 1%e0
- Outcome
- Cu concentrations in rice plant tissuese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of PM at the rate of 1% significantly reduced Cu concentrations in rice plant tissues(P 0.01).”
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See all 993 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.