Abstract
A reliable evaluation system for disinfection method was introduced,which screening resistant strains for streptomycin on LBS medium with streptomycin at first,then the streptomycin-resistant bacteria mixed with watermelon seed or artificial inoculation in watermelon fruits,and then the contaminated seeds were treated with different chemical disinfectants in different time durations,and finally evaluating effects of individual treatments by counting colonies on LBS plate after isolation.The identities of those colonies were confirmed as Acidovorax citrulli by specific primer colony-PCR technique.The evaluation system was applied to screen the reported seed disinfection methods.The results showed that treating seeds with 4% hydrochloric acid for 20 min or with 2% formaldehyde for 30 min,then were put under high temperature of 75℃ for 48 h,the disinfection effect all can reach 100% without any adverse effect on seed germination and seedling viability of watermelon.Those three methods are recommendable in the watermelon production for they meet the requirements of disinfection in quarantine.On the other hand,irradiation at the intensity of 8 000-10 000 Gy can completely kill the bacteria,but the seed germination was significantly inhibited.Irradiation at the intensity 6 000 Gy or below,and chemical such as sodium hypochlorite,calcium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide at recommended concentration and time,can not completely kill bacteria so that they are not suitable for applying in practice.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrochloric acid followed by heat achieved complete seed disinfection without adverse effects on watermelon germination or seedling viability.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatuse0 - Treatment
- 4% hydrochloric acid for 20 mine0
- Interactor
- Acidovorax citrulliParacidovorax citrullie1pathogen
- Outcome
- disinfection effecte0
- Direction
- reache0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Qualifier
- without any adverse effect on seed germination and seedling viabilitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treating seeds with 4% hydrochloric acid for 20 min or with 2% formaldehyde for 30 min,then were put under high temperature of 75℃ for 48 h,the disinfection effect all can reach 100% without any adverse effect on seed germination and seedling viability of watermelon.”
e1“The identities of those colonies were confirmed as Acidovorax citrulli”
Claim · model-written summary
Formaldehyde followed by heat achieved complete seed disinfection without adverse effects on watermelon germination or seedling viability.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- 2% formaldehyde for 30 mine0
- Interactor
- Acidovorax citrulliParacidovorax citrullie1pathogen
- Outcome
- disinfection effecte0
- Direction
- reache0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Qualifier
- without any adverse effect on seed germination and seedling viabilitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treating seeds with 4% hydrochloric acid for 20 min or with 2% formaldehyde for 30 min,then were put under high temperature of 75℃ for 48 h,the disinfection effect all can reach 100% without any adverse effect on seed germination and seedling viability of watermelon.”
e1“The identities of those colonies were confirmed as Acidovorax citrulli”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiation at 8 000-10 000 Gy completely killed the bacterium.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- irradiation at the intensity of 8 000-10 000 Gye0
- Interactor
- Acidovorax citrulliParacidovorax citrullit0pathogen
- Outcome
- kill the bacteriae0
- Direction
- completely kille0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Acidovorax citrulli”
e0“irradiation at the intensity of 8 000-10 000 Gy can completely kill the bacteria”
e1“watermelon seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiation at 8 000-10 000 Gy significantly inhibited watermelon seed germination.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- irradiation at the intensity of 8 000-10 000 Gye0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irradiation at the intensity of 8 000-10 000 Gy can completely kill the bacteria,but the seed germination was significantly inhibited.”
e1“watermelon seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiation at 6 000 Gy or below did not completely kill the bacterium.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- Irradiation at the intensity 6 000 Gy or belowe0
- Interactor
- Acidovorax citrulliParacidovorax citrullit0pathogen
- Outcome
- kill bacteriae0
- Direction
- can not completely kille0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irradiation at the intensity 6 000 Gy or below,and chemical such as sodium hypochlorite,calcium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide at recommended concentration and time,can not completely kill bacteria”
e1“watermelon seed”
t0“Acidovorax citrulli”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium hypochlorite at recommended concentration and time did not completely kill the bacterium.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- sodium hypochloritee0
- Interactor
- Acidovorax citrulliParacidovorax citrullit0pathogen
- Outcome
- kill bacteriae0
- Direction
- can not completely kille0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chemical such as sodium hypochlorite,calcium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide at recommended concentration and time,can not completely kill bacteria”
e1“watermelon seed”
t0“Acidovorax citrulli”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium hypochlorite at recommended concentration and time did not completely kill the bacterium.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- calcium hypochloritee0
- Interactor
- Acidovorax citrulliParacidovorax citrullit0pathogen
- Outcome
- kill bacteriae0
- Direction
- can not completely kille0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chemical such as sodium hypochlorite,calcium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide at recommended concentration and time,can not completely kill bacteria”
e1“watermelon seed”
t0“Acidovorax citrulli”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide at recommended concentration and time did not completely kill the bacterium.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- hydrogen peroxidee0
- Interactor
- Acidovorax citrulliParacidovorax citrullit0pathogen
- Outcome
- kill bacteriae0
- Direction
- can not completely kille0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chemical such as sodium hypochlorite,calcium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide at recommended concentration and time,can not completely kill bacteria”
e1“watermelon seed”
t0“Acidovorax citrulli”
Claim · model-written summary
The effective acid and formaldehyde disinfection approaches are recommended for watermelon production.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Outcome
- recommendable in the watermelon productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Those three methods are recommendable in the watermelon production for they meet the requirements of disinfection in quarantine.”
The same questions in other papers
sodium hypochlorite · Paracidovorax citrulli · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
formaldehyde · Paracidovorax citrulli · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
radiation · growth · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.