Abstract
The present paper concerns with the control of diseases of cotton seedlingsby the use of various methods of seed treatment.The experiments were conduct-ed at Agriculture College of Nanking during the years 1953 to 1955. Two methods of hot water treatment were applied: (1) 55°—60℃ for 30minutes,(2) treating for 30 minutes in 3 parts boiling water with 1 part coldwater to make 74℃ hot water.Both treatments proved to be effective for thecontrol of seedling diseases.Hot water treatment followed by the application offungicide showed even greater protective effect for saedlings.The following threetreatments reduced the percentage of disease approximately 40-80%,as comparedwith the control: (1) hot water treatment followed by dusting dried seed with0.5% ceresan,(2) hot water treatment followed by dusting half dried seed with0.5% caresan,(3) hot water treatment followed by the application of 0.5% cere-san and ash mixtute.However,all these treatments had some disadvantages.For instance,the percentage of seed germination was reduced during rainy days. The protective effect of different fungicides was tested.Dusting seeds with0.5% ceresan or 0.2% granosan gave effective control.The percentage of di-seased seedlings was reduced approximately 37-78% as compared with the control.The effect of uspulun (0.5%) was not stable.In 1953,the percentage of diseasedseedlings produced from treated seeds was less than that in the control,but in1954,similar amounts of diseased seedlings were produced from the treated ascompared with the nontreated. Biological method for the control of seedling disease was tested.Strain No.6 and No.28 of Actinomyces were cultured in media made of cotton seed mealand field soil mixture.At planting time,the seeds were covered with thesemixtures (in which Actino-myces was cultured; before covering with soil.Theapplication of Actinomyces culture gave remarkable control of seedling diseases.It reduced the percentage of disease about 50%.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Both hot-water methods controlled seedling diseases.
- Taxon
- COTTON
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Outcome
- control of seedling diseasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both treatments proved to be effective for thecontrol of seedling diseases.”
t0“COTTON”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide after hot water gave greater protection of seedlings.
- Taxon
- COTTONGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Hot water treatment followed by the application offungicidee0
- Outcome
- protective effect for saedlingse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- Hot water treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hot water treatment followed by the application offungicide showed even greater protective effect for saedlings.”
t0“COTTON”
Claim · model-written summary
Hot water followed by ceresan on dried seed reduced disease by about 40-80%.
- Taxon
- COTTONGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- hot water treatment followed by dusting dried seed with0.5% ceresane0
- Outcome
- percentage of diseasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 40-80%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The following threetreatments reduced the percentage of disease approximately 40-80%,as comparedwith the control: (1) hot water treatment followed by dusting dried seed with0.5% ceresan”
t0“COTTON”
Claim · model-written summary
Hot water followed by ceresan on half-dried seed reduced disease by about 40-80%.
- Taxon
- COTTONGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- hot water treatment followed by dusting half dried seed with0.5% caresane0
- Outcome
- percentage of diseasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 40-80%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced the percentage of disease approximately 40-80%,as comparedwith the control: (1) hot water treatment followed by dusting dried seed with0.5% ceresan,(2) hot water treatment followed by dusting half dried seed with0.5% caresan”
t0“COTTON”
Claim · model-written summary
Hot water followed by ceresan and ash reduced disease by about 40-80%.
- Taxon
- COTTONGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- hot water treatment followed by the application of 0.5% cere-san and ash mixtutee0
- Outcome
- percentage of diseasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 40-80%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced the percentage of disease approximately 40-80%,as comparedwith the control: (1) hot water treatment followed by dusting dried seed with0.5% ceresan,(2) hot water treatment followed by dusting half dried seed with0.5% caresan,(3) hot water treatment followed by the application of 0.5% cere-san and ash mixtute.”
t0“COTTON”
Claim · model-written summary
These treatments reduced seed germination during rainy days.
- Taxon
- COTTONGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- percentage of seed germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- during rainy dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the percentage of seed germination was reduced during rainy days.”
t0“COTTON”
Claim · model-written summary
Dusting seeds with 0.5% ceresan controlled seedling disease.
- Taxon
- COTTONGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Dusting seeds with0.5% ceresane0
- Outcome
- effective controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dusting seeds with0.5% ceresan or 0.2% granosan gave effective control.”
t0“COTTON”
Claim · model-written summary
Dusting seeds with 0.2% granosan controlled seedling disease.
- Taxon
- COTTONGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 0.2% granosane0
- Outcome
- effective controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dusting seeds with0.5% ceresan or 0.2% granosan gave effective control.”
t0“COTTON”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide dusting reduced diseased seedlings by about 37-78% against control.
- Taxon
- COTTONGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- percentage of di-seased seedlingse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 37-78%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage of di-seased seedlings was reduced approximately 37-78% as compared with the control.”
t0“COTTON”
Claim · model-written summary
Uspulun treatment had unstable effects across years.
- Taxon
- COTTONGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- uspulun (0.5%)e0
- Outcome
- not stablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of uspulun (0.5%) was not stable.”
t0“COTTON”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1953 uspulun-treated seed produced fewer diseased seedlings than control.
- Taxon
- COTTONGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- treated seedse0
- Outcome
- percentage of diseasedseedlingse0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1953,the percentage of diseasedseedlings produced from treated seeds was less than that in the control”
t0“COTTON”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1954 uspulun-treated and untreated seeds produced similar disease levels.
- Taxon
- COTTONGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- the treatede0
- Outcome
- diseased seedlingse0
- Direction
- similar amountse0
- Comparator
- the nontreatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in1954,similar amounts of diseased seedlings were produced from the treated ascompared with the nontreated.”
t0“COTTON”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinomyces culture reduced seedling disease by about 50%.
- Taxon
- COTTONGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Actinomyces culturee0
- Interactor
- Actinomyces
Actinomycese0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- percentage of diseasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 50%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Theapplication of Actinomyces culture gave remarkable control of seedling diseases.It reduced the percentage of disease about 50%.”
t0“COTTON”
The same questions in other papers
heat · control · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.