Abstract
The effects of seed-soaking with spermidine(Spd) on seed germination and starch metabolism were investigated under osmotic stress induced by 0,10%,15%and 20%aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol6000(PEG-6000) in white clover(Trifolium repens cv.'Ladino').The results showed that germination rate,germination vigor,germination index,fresh weight of plumule and radicle,and radicle length of white clover seeds were significantly(P0.05) reduced,as well as the transformation rate of starch into reducing sugar and glucose were suppressed in the process of seed germination under osmotic stress.Compared with seed-soaking with distilled water,seed-soaking with 0.05 mmol·L~(-1) Spd significantly(P0.05) improved seed germination rate,germination vigor,germination index,fresh and dry weight of radicle and plumule,and radicle length under the same osmotic stress.At the same time,seed-soaking with Spd showed significantly higher activities of a-amylase,β-amylase and(a+P)-total amylase,and higher contents of reducing sugar and glucose,but lower content of starch than those in seed-soaking with distilled water.In conclusion,the above results indicated that the ability of seed germination and environmental adaptability of white clover seedlings was improved by seedsoaking with Spd under osmotic stress,which could be related to timely supply of sufficient energy resulted from accelerating transformation starch into sugars by Spd activating amylase activities during seed germination and early growth of seedlings.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress significantly reduced germination and seedling growth measures.
- Taxon
- white clover
Trifolium repense0 - Outcome
- germination rate,germination vigor,germination indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination rate,germination vigor,germination index,fresh weight of plumule and radicle,and radicle length of white clover seeds were significantly(P0.05) reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress suppressed conversion of starch to sugars during germination.
- Taxon
- White CloverTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- osmotic stresse0
- Outcome
- transformation rate of starch into reducing sugar and glucosee0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“White Clover”
e0“transformation rate of starch into reducing sugar and glucose were suppressed in the process of seed germination under osmotic stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine soaking improved germination and seedling growth measures under osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- White CloverTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- seed-soaking with 0.05 mmol·L~(-1) Spde0
- Outcome
- seed germination rate,germination vigor,germination indexe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- seed-soaking with distilled watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“White Clover”
e0“Compared with seed-soaking with distilled water,seed-soaking with 0.05 mmol·L~(-1) Spd significantly(P0.05) improved seed germination rate,germination vigor,germination index,fresh and dry weight of radicle and plumule,and radicle length under the same osmotic stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine soaking raised amylase activities.
- Taxon
- White CloverTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- seed-soaking with Spde0
- Outcome
- activities of a-amylase,β-amylase and(a+P)-total amylasee0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“White Clover”
e0“seed-soaking with Spd showed significantly higher activities of a-amylase,β-amylase and(a+P)-total amylase”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine soaking increased reducing sugar and glucose contents.
- Taxon
- White CloverTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- seed-soaking with Spde0
- Outcome
- contents of reducing sugar and glucosee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- seed-soaking with distilled watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“White Clover”
e0“seed-soaking with Spd showed significantly higher activities of a-amylase,β-amylase and(a+P)-total amylase,and higher contents of reducing sugar and glucose,but lower content of starch than those in seed-soaking with distilled water”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine soaking lowered starch content.
- Taxon
- White CloverTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- seed-soaking with Spde0
- Outcome
- content of starche0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- seed-soaking with distilled watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“White Clover”
e0“seed-soaking with Spd showed significantly higher activities of a-amylase,β-amylase and(a+P)-total amylase,and higher contents of reducing sugar and glucose,but lower content of starch than those in seed-soaking with distilled water”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.