Abstract
A field experiment was conducted on the Guanzhong Plain, China, to evaluate the effects of N and S application on characteristics of winter wheat (cv. Xiaoyan 22) grain filling and yield, using a central composite rotatable design with two factors nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S). The results showed that, with the combined application of N and S, grain filling followed a "S" curve which increased slowly at first, then quickly, and then slowly again. With 108 and 267 kg N x hm(-2), the grain fill duration, theoretical maximum grain yield, and average filling rate decreased as the S application rate increased. With 97.5 and 202.5 kg S x hm(-2), N application improved grain filling parameter values. With 187.5 kg N x hm(-2) or 150 kg S x hm(-2), the parameters firstly increased, reached a maximum, and then decreased as the S or N input increased. Grain filling rate increased for 25 days following anthesis, and then declined at a rate that varied among treatments. When the N input was > 187.5 kg x hm(-2) or the S input was > 150 kg x hm(-2), the grain filling rate decreased with increasing the S or N input. The results also indicated that combined application of N and S fertilizers at appropriate rates could increase the head density and grain yield. Using the regression equations, highest grain yields estimates (> or = 3753 kg x hm(-2)) were achieved with the combination of a high N rate (178.31-256.36 kg x hm(-2)) and a moderate S rate (131.95-167.65 kg x hm(-2)).
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
With combined N and S application, grain filling followed an S-shaped curve that increased slowly at first, then quickly, then slowly again.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- Xiaoyan 22e0
- Treatment
- combined application of N and Se1
- Outcome
- grain fillinge1
- Qualifier
- which increased slowly at first, then quickly, and then slowly againe2
- Setting
- Guanzhong Plain, Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted on the Guanzhong Plain, China, to evaluate the effects of N and S application on characteristics of winter wheat (cv. Xiaoyan 22) grain filling and yield”
e1“with the combined application of N and S, grain filling followed a”
e2“which increased slowly at first, then quickly, and then slowly again”
Claim · model-written summary
With 108 and 267 kg N x hm(-2), grain fill duration, theoretical maximum grain yield and average filling rate decreased as the S application rate increased.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Xiaoyan 22e0
- Treatment
- S application ratee3
- Outcome
- grain fill duration, theoretical maximum grain yield, and average filling ratee3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Qualifier
- With 108 and 267 kg N x hm(-2)e3
- Setting
- Guanzhong Plain, Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted on the Guanzhong Plain, China, to evaluate the effects of N and S application on characteristics of winter wheat (cv. Xiaoyan 22) grain filling and yield”
e3“With 108 and 267 kg N x hm(-2), the grain fill duration, theoretical maximum grain yield, and average filling rate decreased as the S application rate increased”
Claim · model-written summary
With 97.5 and 202.5 kg S x hm(-2), N application improved grain filling parameter values.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Xiaoyan 22e0
- Treatment
- N applicatione4
- Outcome
- grain filling parameter valuese4
- Direction
- improvede4
- Qualifier
- With 97.5 and 202.5 kg S x hm(-2)e4
- Setting
- Guanzhong Plain, Chinae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted on the Guanzhong Plain, China, to evaluate the effects of N and S application on characteristics of winter wheat (cv. Xiaoyan 22) grain filling and yield”
e4“With 97.5 and 202.5 kg S x hm(-2), N application improved grain filling parameter values”
Claim · model-written summary
With 187.5 kg N x hm(-2) or 150 kg S x hm(-2), the parameters first increased, reached a maximum and then decreased as the S or N input increased.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Xiaoyan 22e0
- Treatment
- S or N inpute5
- Outcome
- the parameterse5
- Direction
- firstly increasede5
- Qualifier
- then decreased as the S or N input increasede5
- Setting
- Guanzhong Plain, Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted on the Guanzhong Plain, China, to evaluate the effects of N and S application on characteristics of winter wheat (cv. Xiaoyan 22) grain filling and yield”
e5“With 187.5 kg N x hm(-2) or 150 kg S x hm(-2), the parameters firstly increased, reached a maximum, and then decreased as the S or N input increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain filling rate increased for 25 days following anthesis.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Xiaoyan 22e0
- Organ / stage
- following anthesise6
- Outcome
- Grain filling ratee6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Qualifier
- for 25 dayse6
- Setting
- Guanzhong Plain, Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted on the Guanzhong Plain, China, to evaluate the effects of N and S application on characteristics of winter wheat (cv. Xiaoyan 22) grain filling and yield”
e6“Grain filling rate increased for 25 days following anthesis, and then declined at a rate that varied among treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
After the initial phase, grain filling rate declined at a rate that varied among treatments.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Xiaoyan 22e0
- Outcome
- Grain filling ratee6
- Direction
- declinede6
- Qualifier
- at a rate that varied among treatmentse6
- Setting
- Guanzhong Plain, Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted on the Guanzhong Plain, China, to evaluate the effects of N and S application on characteristics of winter wheat (cv. Xiaoyan 22) grain filling and yield”
e6“Grain filling rate increased for 25 days following anthesis, and then declined at a rate that varied among treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
When N input exceeded 187.5 kg x hm(-2) or S input exceeded 150 kg x hm(-2), grain filling rate decreased as S or N input increased.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Xiaoyan 22e0
- Treatment
- S or N inpute7
- Outcome
- grain filling ratee7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Qualifier
- When the N input was > 187.5 kg x hm(-2) or the S input was > 150 kg x hm(-2)e7
- Setting
- Guanzhong Plain, Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted on the Guanzhong Plain, China, to evaluate the effects of N and S application on characteristics of winter wheat (cv. Xiaoyan 22) grain filling and yield”
e7“When the N input was > 187.5 kg x hm(-2) or the S input was > 150 kg x hm(-2), the grain filling rate decreased with increasing the S or N input”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined N and S fertilizer application at appropriate rates could increase head density and grain yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Xiaoyan 22e0
- Treatment
- combined application of N and S fertilizerse6
- Outcome
- head density and grain yielde6
- Direction
- increasee6
- Qualifier
- at appropriate ratese6
- Setting
- Guanzhong Plain, Chinae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted on the Guanzhong Plain, China, to evaluate the effects of N and S application on characteristics of winter wheat (cv. Xiaoyan 22) grain filling and yield”
e6“combined application of N and S fertilizers at appropriate rates could increase the head density and grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Regression equations estimated highest grain yield (3753 kg x hm(-2) or more) with a high N rate combined with a moderate S rate.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Xiaoyan 22e0
- Treatment
- the combination of a high N rate (178.31-256.36 kg x hm(-2)) and a moderate S rate (131.95-167.65 kg x hm(-2))e6
- Outcome
- highest grain yields estimatese6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 3753 kg x hm(-2)e6
- Setting
- Guanzhong Plain, Chinae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted on the Guanzhong Plain, China, to evaluate the effects of N and S application on characteristics of winter wheat (cv. Xiaoyan 22) grain filling and yield”
e6“Using the regression equations, highest grain yields estimates (> or = 3753 kg x hm(-2)) were achieved with the combination of a high N rate (178.31-256.36 kg x hm(-2)) and a moderate S rate (131.95-167.65 kg x hm(-2))”
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