Abstract
Experiments were conducted in 1985 and 1986 to determine and compare the efficacy, phytotoxicity, and soil persistence of imazquin, imazethapyr, and clomazone in no-till double-crop soybeans. All herbicides controlled 93% or greater jimsonweed, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail. Imazaquin and imazethapyr controlled more common cocklebur and ivyleaf morningglory than clomazone. Soybeans were injured from imazaquin and imazethapyr applications in 1986 but yields were not reduced. First-order kinetics described the dissipation of each herbicide. Imazaquin and imazethapyr were more persistent in the soil than clomazone. Averaged over both years, half-lives of 10, 43, and 60 days were calculated for clomazone, imazaquin, and imazethapyr, respectively. Clomazone was not detected 10 to 20 cm in the soil profile. More imazethapyr was detected 10 to 20 cm in the soil profile than imazaquin in 1985. Slight corn injury (≤10%) was observed in 1987 following previous year applications of imazaquin to no-till double-crop soybeans but corn yields were not reduced.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
All herbicides controlled 93% or more of jimsonweed in soybeans.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- All herbicidese1
- Interactor
- jimsonweed
.jpg?width=60)
Datura stramoniume1weed - Outcome
- controle1
- Direction
- controllede1
- Value
- 93% or greatere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“in no-till double-crop soybeans”
e1“All herbicides controlled 93% or greater jimsonweed, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail”
Claim · model-written summary
All herbicides controlled 93% or more of velvetleaf in soybeans.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- All herbicidese1
- Interactor
- velvetleaf
Abutilon theophrastie1weed - Outcome
- controle1
- Direction
- controllede1
- Value
- 93% or greatere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in no-till double-crop soybeans”
e1“All herbicides controlled 93% or greater jimsonweed, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail”
Claim · model-written summary
All herbicides controlled 93% or more of giant foxtail in soybeans.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- All herbicidese1
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile1weed
- Outcome
- controle1
- Direction
- controllede1
- Value
- 93% or greatere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in no-till double-crop soybeans”
e1“All herbicides controlled 93% or greater jimsonweed, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazaquin and imazethapyr controlled common cocklebur more than clomazone did in soybeans.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Imazaquin and imazethapyre1
- Interactor
- common cocklebure1weed
- Outcome
- controllede1
- Direction
- moree1
- Comparator
- clomazonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in no-till double-crop soybeans”
e1“Imazaquin and imazethapyr controlled more common cocklebur and ivyleaf morningglory than clomazone”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazaquin and imazethapyr controlled ivyleaf morningglory more than clomazone did in soybeans.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Imazaquin and imazethapyre1
- Interactor
- ivyleaf morningglory
Ipomoea hederaceae1weed - Outcome
- controllede1
- Direction
- moree1
- Comparator
- clomazonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in no-till double-crop soybeans”
e1“Imazaquin and imazethapyr controlled more common cocklebur and ivyleaf morningglory than clomazone”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazaquin and imazethapyr applications injured soybeans in 1986.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- imazaquin and imazethapyr applicationse2
- Outcome
- injurede2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in no-till double-crop soybeans”
e2“Soybeans were injured from imazaquin and imazethapyr applications in 1986 but yields were not reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazaquin and imazethapyr applications did not reduce soybean yields in 1986.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- imazaquin and imazethapyr applicationse2
- Outcome
- yieldse2
- Direction
- not reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Soybeans were injured from imazaquin and imazethapyr applications in 1986 but yields were not reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
First-order kinetics described the dissipation of each herbicide in soybean fields.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- dissipatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in no-till double-crop soybeans”
e3“First-order kinetics described the dissipation of each herbicide”
Claim · model-written summary
Clomazone had a soil half-life of 10 days, averaged over both years.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- clomazonee4
- Outcome
- half-livese4
- Value
- 10e4
- Qualifier
- Averaged over both yearse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in no-till double-crop soybeans”
e4“Averaged over both years, half-lives of 10, 43, and 60 days were calculated for clomazone, imazaquin, and imazethapyr, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazaquin had a soil half-life of 43 days, averaged over both years.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- imazaquine4
- Outcome
- half-livese4
- Value
- 43e4
- Qualifier
- Averaged over both yearse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in no-till double-crop soybeans”
e4“Averaged over both years, half-lives of 10, 43, and 60 days were calculated for clomazone, imazaquin, and imazethapyr, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr had a soil half-life of 60 days, averaged over both years.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- imazethapyre4
- Outcome
- half-livese4
- Value
- 60e4
- Qualifier
- Averaged over both yearse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in no-till double-crop soybeans”
e4“Averaged over both years, half-lives of 10, 43, and 60 days were calculated for clomazone, imazaquin, and imazethapyr, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Clomazone was not detected at 10 to 20 cm in the soil profile.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- clomazonee5
- Outcome
- not detectede5
- Setting
- 10 to 20 cm in the soil profilee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in no-till double-crop soybeans”
e5“Clomazone was not detected 10 to 20 cm in the soil profile”
Claim · model-written summary
More imazethapyr than imazaquin was detected at 10 to 20 cm in the soil profile in 1985.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- imazethapyre6
- Outcome
- detectede6
- Direction
- Moree6
- Qualifier
- in 1985e6
- Comparator
- imazaquine6
- Setting
- 10 to 20 cm in the soil profilee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in no-till double-crop soybeans”
e6“More imazethapyr was detected 10 to 20 cm in the soil profile than imazaquin in 1985”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazaquin and imazethapyr were more persistent in the soil than clomazone.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Imazaquin and imazethapyre7
- Outcome
- persistent in the soile7
- Direction
- moree7
- Comparator
- clomazonee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in no-till double-crop soybeans”
e7“Imazaquin and imazethapyr were more persistent in the soil than clomazone”
Claim · model-written summary
Previous-year imazaquin applications caused slight injury (≤10%) to corn in 1987.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- previous year applications of imazaquine0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Value
- ≤10%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Slight corn injury (≤10%) was observed in 1987 following previous year applications of imazaquin to no-till double-crop soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yields were not reduced by previous-year imazaquin applications.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- previous year applications of imazaquine1
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- not reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn yields were not reduced”
e1“Slight corn injury (≤10%) was observed in 1987 following previous year applications of imazaquin to no-till double-crop soybeans”
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See all 25 papers →Imazethapyr · Ipomoea hederacea · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.