Abstract
Ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala) is usually planted from early autumn until late winter. Since most of the plants used for phytoremediation cannot be grown during this time, kale can be a suitable option for phytoremediation and utilized during autumn and winter in urban landscape, especially in metropolitan areas where high levels of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) pollutions exist. Kale growth in saline soil at different growth stages (germination and vegetative growth stages) was studied in this investigation. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications was used in this study. Treatments included three levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) (0, 30, and 60 mg/kg), four levels of Cd (0, 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg), and four levels of Pb (0, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg). Results indicated that increase in Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil decreased fresh and dry weights of the plants. The results of the various growth stages revealed that under salinity stress, kale plants were able to absorb more Pb than Cd and effectively remediate Pb in polluted and saline lands. Cd accumulation in control treatment was 6.2% more than that in the saline treatments, whereas, Pb accumulation in the highest NaCl level, 60 mg/kg salinity treatment was 7.64% more than that of the control condition. Also, proline content of the plants was significantly increased under Cd and Pb stress. From the results of this study, it was concluded that using kale plant is recommended for phytoremediation of saline soils with 10 and 16 mg/kg Pb and Cd contents, respectively.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil decreased fresh and dry weights of kale plants.
- Taxon
- kale
Brassica oleracea var. viridise2 - Treatment
- Cd and Pb concentrations in the soile1
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weightse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results indicated that increase in Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil decreased fresh and dry weights of the plants”
e2“Ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salinity stress, kale absorbed more Pb than Cd.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise2
- Organ / stage
- various growth stagese1
- Treatment
- salinity stresse1
- Outcome
- absorb more Pbe1
- Direction
- moree1
- Comparator
- Cde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results of the various growth stages revealed that under salinity stress, kale plants were able to absorb more Pb than Cd”
e2“Ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala)”
Claim · model-written summary
Kale can effectively remediate Pb in polluted and saline lands.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise2
- Outcome
- remediate Pbe1
- Qualifier
- in polluted and saline landse1
- Setting
- polluted and saline landse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“effectively remediate Pb in polluted and saline lands”
e2“Ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd accumulation in control treatment was 6.2% higher than in the saline treatments.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise2
- Treatment
- saline treatmentse1
- Outcome
- Cd accumulatione1
- Direction
- moree1
- Value
- 6.2%e1
- Comparator
- control treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cd accumulation in control treatment was 6.2% more than that in the saline treatments”
e2“Ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb accumulation at the highest NaCl level (60 mg/kg) was 7.64% higher than under the control condition.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise2
- Treatment
- 60 mg/kg salinity treatmente1
- Outcome
- Pb accumulatione1
- Direction
- moree1
- Value
- 7.64%e1
- Comparator
- control conditione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Pb accumulation in the highest NaCl level, 60 mg/kg salinity treatment was 7.64% more than that of the control condition”
e2“Ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala)”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline content of kale significantly increased under Cd and Pb stress.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise2
- Treatment
- Cd and Pb stresse1
- Outcome
- proline contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“proline content of the plants was significantly increased under Cd and Pb stress”
e2“Ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala)”
Claim · model-written summary
Kale is recommended for phytoremediation of saline soils with 10 and 16 mg/kg Pb and Cd contents, respectively.
- Taxon
- kale plantBrassica oleracea var. viridise1
- Outcome
- phytoremediation of saline soilse1
- Qualifier
- with 10 and 16 mg/kg Pb and Cd contents, respectivelye1
- Setting
- saline soilse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“using kale plant is recommended for phytoremediation of saline soils with 10 and 16 mg/kg Pb and Cd contents, respectively”
e2“Ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala)”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.