Abstract
A field study was conducted to assess the agronomical performance of eggplant (Solanum melongena cv. Pusa Purple Long Hybrid-F1) grown in sewage sludge amended soil in rainy and summer seasons during two consecutive years 2012 and 2013. The results showed that sewage sludge significantly (P < 0.05/P < 0.01) increased the Organic Carbon (OC), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), phosphate (PO43-), sulphate (SO42-), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) in the soil. The contents of metals were found below the harmful levels prescribed for soils in India. The maximum agronomic performance in the form of plant height, root length, dry weight, chlorophyll content, Leaf Area Index (LAI), yield/plant and biochemical components like total carbohydrate, crude protein and dietary fiber of S. melongena were observed at 50% concentration of sewage sludge in both seasons. The contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn and Zn in S. melongena were increased from 5% to 100% treatments of sewage sludge in both seasons. The order of Contamination factor (Cf) of different heavy metals was Mn > Cr > Cd > Zn > Cu for soil and Cr > Cd > Cu > Mn > Zn for S. melongena plants after treatment of sewage sludge. Thus, use of sewage sludge increased concentration of heavy metals in soil and S. melongena. Hence, sewage sludge can be governed as organic fertilizer in lower proportion to avoid the contamination of soil and S. melongena.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage sludge significantly increased soil organic carbon and measured nutrients and metals.
- Taxon
- eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)
Solanum melongenat0 - Treatment
- sewage sludgee0
- Outcome
- Organic Carbon (OC), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), phosphate (PO43-), sulphate (SO42-), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) in the soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sewage sludge significantly (P < 0.05/P < 0.01) increased the Organic Carbon (OC), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), phosphate (PO43-), sulphate (SO42-), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) in the soil”
t0“eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil metal content remained below prescribed harmful levels.
- Taxon
- eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Outcome
- contents of metalse0
- Direction
- belowe0
- Comparator
- harmful levels prescribed for soils in Indiae0
- Setting
- Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of metals were found below the harmful levels prescribed for soils in India”
t0“eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50% sewage sludge, plant height, root length, and dry weight were maximal in both seasons.
- Taxon
- eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- 50% concentration of sewage sludgee0
- Outcome
- plant height, root length, dry weighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- in both seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum agronomic performance in the form of plant height, root length, dry weight, chlorophyll content, Leaf Area Index (LAI), yield/plant and biochemical components like total carbohydrate, crude protein and dietary fiber of S. melongena were observed at 50% concentration of sewage sludge in both seasons”
t0“eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50% sewage sludge, chlorophyll content was maximal in both seasons.
- Taxon
- eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- 50% concentration of sewage sludgee0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum agronomic performance in the form of plant height, root length, dry weight, chlorophyll content, Leaf Area Index (LAI), yield/plant and biochemical components like total carbohydrate, crude protein and dietary fiber of S. melongena were observed at 50% concentration of sewage sludge in both seasons”
t0“eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50% sewage sludge, leaf area index and yield per plant were maximal.
- Taxon
- eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- 50% concentration of sewage sludgee0
- Outcome
- Leaf Area Index (LAI), yield/plante0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum agronomic performance in the form of plant height, root length, dry weight, chlorophyll content, Leaf Area Index (LAI), yield/plant and biochemical components like total carbohydrate, crude protein and dietary fiber of S. melongena were observed at 50% concentration of sewage sludge in both seasons”
t0“eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50% sewage sludge, total carbohydrate, crude protein, and dietary fiber were maximal.
- Taxon
- eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- 50% concentration of sewage sludgee0
- Outcome
- total carbohydrate, crude protein and dietary fibere0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum agronomic performance in the form of plant height, root length, dry weight, chlorophyll content, Leaf Area Index (LAI), yield/plant and biochemical components like total carbohydrate, crude protein and dietary fiber of S. melongena were observed at 50% concentration of sewage sludge in both seasons”
t0“eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Eggplant Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Zn content increased across 5% to 100% sewage-sludge treatments.
- Taxon
- eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- 5% to 100% treatments of sewage sludgee0
- Outcome
- contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn and Zn in S. melongenae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn and Zn in S. melongena were increased from 5% to 100% treatments of sewage sludge in both seasons”
t0“eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Metal contamination factors in soil ranked Mn > Cr > Cd > Zn > Cu.
- Taxon
- eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Outcome
- Contamination factor (Cf) of different heavy metalse0
- Value
- Mn > Cr > Cd > Zn > Cue0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The order of Contamination factor (Cf) of different heavy metals was Mn > Cr > Cd > Zn > Cu for soil”
t0“eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Metal contamination factors in eggplant ranked Cr > Cd > Cu > Mn > Zn.
- Taxon
- eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Outcome
- S. melongena plantse0
- Value
- Cr > Cd > Cu > Mn > Zne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cr > Cd > Cu > Mn > Zn for S. melongena plants after treatment of sewage sludge”
t0“eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended lower sewage-sludge proportions to avoid contamination of soil and eggplant.
- Taxon
- eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Outcome
- organic fertilizer in lower proportione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sewage sludge can be governed as organic fertilizer in lower proportion to avoid the contamination of soil and S. melongena”
t0“eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)”
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.