Abstract
Although great progress has been made towards understanding the role of abscisic acid (ABA) and sucrose in fruit ripening, the mechanisms underlying the ABA and sucrose signalling pathways remain elusive. In this study, transcription factor ABA-stress-ripening (ASR), which is involved in the transduction of ABA and sucrose signalling pathways, was isolated and analysed in the nonclimacteric fruit, strawberry and the climacteric fruit, tomato. We have identified four ASR isoforms in tomato and one in strawberry. All ASR sequences contained the ABA stress- and ripening-induced proteins and water-deficit stress-induced proteins (ABA/WDS) domain and all ASR transcripts showed increased expression during fruit development. The expression of the ASR gene was influenced not only by sucrose and ABA, but also by jasmonic acid (JA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and these four factors were correlated with each other during fruit development. ASR bound the hexose transporter (HT) promoter, which contained a sugar box that activated downstream gene expression. Overexpression of the ASR gene promoted fruit softening and ripening, whereas RNA interference delayed fruit ripening, as well as affected fruit physiological changes. Change in ASR gene expression influenced the expression of several ripening-related genes such as CHS, CHI, F3H, DFR, ANS, UFGT, PG, PL, EXP1/2, XET16, Cel1/2 and PME. Taken together, this study may provide new evidence on the important role of ASR in cross-signalling between ABA and sucrose to regulate tomato and strawberry fruit ripening. The findings of this study also provide new insights into the regulatory mechanism underlying fruit development.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Four tomato ASR isoforms were identified.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Gene
- ASRe0
- Outcome
- four ASR isoformse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We have identified four ASR isoforms in tomato and one in strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
One strawberry ASR isoform was identified.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae0 - Gene
- ASRe0
- Outcome
- one in strawberrye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“We have identified four ASR isoforms in tomato and one in strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
All ASR sequences contained an ABA/WDS domain.
- Taxon
- tomato and strawberryFragaria ×ananassaSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- ASRe0
- Outcome
- ABA stress- and ripening-induced proteins and water-deficit stress-induced proteins (ABA/WDS) domaine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato and strawberry”
e0“All ASR sequences contained the ABA stress- and ripening-induced proteins and water-deficit stress-induced proteins (ABA/WDS) domain”
Claim · model-written summary
ASR transcripts increased during fruit development.
- Taxon
- tomato and strawberryFragaria ×ananassaSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- fruit developmente0
- Gene
- ASRe0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato and strawberry”
e0“all ASR transcripts showed increased expression during fruit development”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose, ABA, JA and IAA influenced ASR expression and were mutually correlated during development.
- Taxon
- tomato and strawberryFragaria ×ananassaSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- ASRe0
- Compound
- sucrose and ABAe0
- Outcome
- expression of the ASR genee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato and strawberry”
e0“The expression of the ASR gene was influenced not only by sucrose and ABA, but also by jasmonic acid (JA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and these four factors were correlated with each other during fruit development”
Claim · model-written summary
ASR bound the HT promoter and its sugar box activated downstream expression.
- Taxon
- tomato and strawberryFragaria ×ananassaSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- ASRe0
- Outcome
- downstream gene expressione0
- Qualifier
- sugar boxe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato and strawberry”
e0“ASR bound the hexose transporter (HT) promoter, which contained a sugar box that activated downstream gene expression”
Claim · model-written summary
ASR overexpression promoted fruit softening and ripening.
- Taxon
- tomato and strawberryFragaria ×ananassaSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of the ASR genee0
- Gene
- ASRe0
- Outcome
- fruit softening and ripeninge0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato and strawberry”
e0“Overexpression of the ASR gene promoted fruit softening and ripening”
Claim · model-written summary
ASR RNA interference delayed fruit ripening.
- Taxon
- tomato and strawberryFragaria ×ananassaSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- RNA interferencee0
- Outcome
- fruit ripeninge0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato and strawberry”
e0“RNA interference delayed fruit ripening, as well as affected fruit physiological changes”
Claim · model-written summary
ASR RNA interference affected fruit physiological changes.
- Taxon
- tomato and strawberryFragaria ×ananassaSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- RNA interferencee0
- Outcome
- fruit physiological changese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato and strawberry”
e0“RNA interference delayed fruit ripening, as well as affected fruit physiological changes”
Claim · model-written summary
Changed ASR expression influenced multiple ripening-related genes.
- Taxon
- tomato and strawberryFragaria ×ananassaSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- ASRe0
- Outcome
- expression of several ripening-related genese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato and strawberry”
e0“Change in ASR gene expression influenced the expression of several ripening-related genes such as CHS, CHI, F3H, DFR, ANS, UFGT, PG, PL, EXP1/2, XET16, Cel1/2 and PME”
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