Abstract
The following facts were found concerning the secondary dormancy of the seeds. The seeds which had been kept within submerged soil became to show poor percentage germination since August, and hardly germinated in a germinator at 30°C at the time between from September to December, that is to say the secondary dormancy was induced. The secondary dormancy was overcome at the next spring. And it was observed that this process was repeated during over four years. The activity of dehydrogenase in the embryo of secondary dormant seeds was similar to non-dormant seeds, as observed with primary dormant seeds. It was elucidated that the secondary dormancy was not caused by embryo dormancy, but was due to the presence of the pericarp and epidermis. The secondary dormancy was induced experimentally by placing the seeds showing the environmental dormancy under submerged soils at germination temperature (20 to 30°C). And, it was induced more rapidly in the seeds staying in the environmental dormancy for a longer period, and at 30°C than at 20°C, and not related with Eh value of the soil. The secondary dormancy was overcome under the conditions similar to the primary dormancy. However, it was differed from the primary dormancy in the facts that the secondary dormancy was awakened more rapidly in the upland condition than in the submerged conditon at low temperature (3 to 5°C), and the freezing treatment (-5°C) was not effective in overcoming the secondary dormancy.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Submerged-soil seeds developed poor germination from August and hardly germinated at 30°C from September to December.
- Taxon
- Barnyard Grass
Echinochloa crus-gallit0 - Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- poor percentage germinatione0
- Direction
- poore0
- Qualifier
- at 30°C at the time between from September to Decembere0
- Setting
- submerged soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seeds which had been kept within submerged soil became to show poor percentage germination since August, and hardly germinated in a germinator at 30°C at the time between from September to December”
t0“Barnyard Grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Secondary seed dormancy was overcome in the next spring and recurred for over four years.
- Taxon
- Barnyard GrassEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Organ / stage
- seedse1
- Outcome
- secondary dormancy was overcome at the next springe0
- Qualifier
- repeated during over four yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The secondary dormancy was overcome at the next spring. And it was observed that this process was repeated during over four years”
e1“The seeds which had been kept within submerged soil became to show poor percentage germination since August, and hardly germinated in a germinator at 30°C at the time between from September to December”
t0“Barnyard Grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryo dehydrogenase activity in secondary dormant seeds was similar to non-dormant seeds.
- Taxon
- Barnyard GrassEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Organ / stage
- embryoe0
- Gene
- dehydrogenasee0
- Outcome
- activity of dehydrogenasee0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- non-dormant seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of dehydrogenase in the embryo of secondary dormant seeds was similar to non-dormant seeds”
t0“Barnyard Grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Pericarp and epidermis presence, rather than embryo dormancy, accounted for secondary dormancy.
- Taxon
- Barnyard GrassEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Organ / stage
- pericarp and epidermise0
- Outcome
- secondary dormancye0
- Qualifier
- due to the presence of the pericarp and epidermise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the secondary dormancy was not caused by embryo dormancy, but was due to the presence of the pericarp and epidermis”
t0“Barnyard Grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Submerged soil at germination temperature induced secondary dormancy in environmentally dormant seeds.
- Taxon
- Barnyard GrassEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- placing the seeds showing the environmental dormancy under submerged soils at germination temperature (20 to 30°C)e0
- Outcome
- secondary dormancye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The secondary dormancy was induced experimentally by placing the seeds showing the environmental dormancy under submerged soils at germination temperature (20 to 30°C)”
t0“Barnyard Grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer prior environmental dormancy induced secondary dormancy more rapidly.
- Taxon
- Barnyard GrassEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- secondary dormancye1
- Direction
- more rapidlye0
- Qualifier
- staying in the environmental dormancy for a longer periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was induced more rapidly in the seeds staying in the environmental dormancy for a longer period”
e1“The secondary dormancy was overcome at the next spring. And it was observed that this process was repeated during over four years”
t0“Barnyard Grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Secondary dormancy was induced more rapidly at 30°C than 20°C.
- Taxon
- Barnyard GrassEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Treatment
- 30°Ce0
- Outcome
- secondary dormancye1
- Direction
- more rapidlye0
- Comparator
- 20°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was induced more rapidly in the seeds staying in the environmental dormancy for a longer period, and at 30°C than at 20°C”
e1“The secondary dormancy was overcome at the next spring. And it was observed that this process was repeated during over four years”
t0“Barnyard Grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Secondary dormancy induction was unrelated to soil Eh value.
- Taxon
- Barnyard GrassEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Outcome
- secondary dormancye1
- Direction
- not relatede0
- Setting
- Eh value of the soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“not related with Eh value of the soil”
e1“The secondary dormancy was induced experimentally”
t0“Barnyard Grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Secondary dormancy was overcome under conditions similar to those for primary dormancy.
- Taxon
- Barnyard GrassEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Outcome
- secondary dormancy was overcomee0
- Comparator
- primary dormancye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The secondary dormancy was overcome under the conditions similar to the primary dormancy”
t0“Barnyard Grass”
Claim · model-written summary
At low temperature, upland conditions awakened secondary dormancy faster than submerged conditions.
- Taxon
- Barnyard GrassEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Treatment
- upland conditione0
- Outcome
- secondary dormancy was awakenede0
- Direction
- more rapidlye0
- Qualifier
- low temperature (3 to 5°C)e0
- Comparator
- submerged conditone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the secondary dormancy was awakened more rapidly in the upland condition than in the submerged conditon at low temperature (3 to 5°C)”
t0“Barnyard Grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Freezing at -5°C did not overcome secondary dormancy.
- Taxon
- Barnyard GrassEchinochloa crus-gallit0
- Treatment
- freezing treatment (-5°C)e0
- Outcome
- secondary dormancye0
- Direction
- not effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the freezing treatment (-5°C) was not effective in overcoming the secondary dormancy”
t0“Barnyard Grass”
The same questions in other papers
cold · growth · Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.