Abstract
Effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis (Javelin WG) against first instars of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (F.) was studied in the laboratory on cotton terminals and in the field on cotton. In the laboratory, percentage mortality of both species increased significantly as the B. thuringiensis rate increased. Mortalities of H. virescens were significantly higher than H. zea at 0.56 and 1.12 kg/ha rates of B. thuringiensis at 4 and 7 d after treatment. LD50s were 2-, 2.5-, and 1.6-fold higher for H. zea than for H. virescens at 4 and 7 d and pupation, respectively. Most mortality (60-91% in H. zea and 76–98% in H. virescens) occurred by 4 d after treatment. Mortalities at the 8.96 kg/ha B. thuringiensis rate were similar to cypermethrin at 0.05 kg(AI)/ha in H. virescens for all dates and for 7 d and pupation in H. zea. In the field, survival in both species generally decreased as B. thuringiensis rate increased. Survival was significantly higher in H. zea than in H. virescens at 1.12 and 2.24 kg/ha rates of B. thuringiensis at 3 and 7 dafter treatment.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Larval mortality increased significantly with Bacillus thuringiensis rate for both pest species.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- B. thuringiensis ratee0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa zea
.jpg?width=60)
Helicoverpa zeat0pest - Second interactor
- Heliothis virescens
Heliothis virescenst0pest - Outcome
- percentage mortality of both speciese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“percentage mortality of both species increased significantly as the B. thuringiensis rate increased”
t0“Helicoverpa zea and Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
H. virescens mortality was higher than H. zea at 0.56 and 1.12 kg/ha after 4 and 7 days.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 0.56 and 1.12 kg/ha rates of B. thuringiensise0
- Interactor
- H. virescensHeliothis virescense0pest
- Second interactor
- H. zeaHelicoverpa zeae0pest
- Outcome
- Mortalities of H. virescense0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- H. zeae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mortalities of H. virescens were significantly higher than H. zea at 0.56 and 1.12 kg/ha rates of B. thuringiensis at 4 and 7 d after treatment”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
LD50 for H. zea exceeded that for H. virescens at 4 days.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- H. zeaHelicoverpa zeae0pest
- Outcome
- LD50se0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2-e0
- Qualifier
- 4 and 7 d and pupation, respectivelye0
- Comparator
- H. virescense0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LD50s were 2-, 2.5-, and 1.6-fold higher for H. zea than for H. virescens at 4 and 7 d and pupation, respectively”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
LD50 for H. zea exceeded that for H. virescens at 7 days by 2.5 fold.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- H. zeaHelicoverpa zeae0pest
- Outcome
- LD50se0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.5-e0
- Comparator
- H. virescense0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LD50s were 2-, 2.5-, and 1.6-fold higher for H. zea than for H. virescens at 4 and 7 d and pupation, respectively”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
LD50 for H. zea exceeded that for H. virescens at pupation by 1.6 fold.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- H. zeaHelicoverpa zeae0pest
- Outcome
- LD50se0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.6-folde0
- Comparator
- H. virescense0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LD50s were 2-, 2.5-, and 1.6-fold higher for H. zea than for H. virescens at 4 and 7 d and pupation, respectively”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Most H. zea mortality occurred by day 4.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- H. zeaHelicoverpa zeae0pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Value
- 60-91%e0
- Qualifier
- by 4 d after treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most mortality (60-91% in H. zea and 76–98% in H. virescens) occurred by 4 d after treatment”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Most H. virescens mortality occurred by day 4.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- H. virescensHeliothis virescense0pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Value
- 76–98%e0
- Qualifier
- by 4 d after treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most mortality (60-91% in H. zea and 76–98% in H. virescens) occurred by 4 d after treatment”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
High-rate Bacillus thuringiensis gave mortality similar to cypermethrin for H. virescens at all dates.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 8.96 kg/ha B. thuringiensise0
- Interactor
- H. virescensHeliothis virescense0pest
- Outcome
- Mortalitiese0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- cypermethrin at 0.05 kg(AI)/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mortalities at the 8.96 kg/ha B. thuringiensis rate were similar to cypermethrin at 0.05 kg(AI)/ha in H. virescens for all dates”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
High-rate Bacillus thuringiensis gave mortality similar to cypermethrin for H. zea at day 7 and pupation.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 8.96 kg/ha B. thuringiensise1
- Interactor
- H. zeaHelicoverpa zeae0pest
- Outcome
- Mortalitiese1
- Direction
- similare1
- Comparator
- cypermethrin at 0.05 kg(AI)/hae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and for 7 d and pupation in H. zea”
t0“Cotton”
e1“Mortalities at the 8.96 kg/ha B. thuringiensis rate were similar to cypermethrin at 0.05 kg(AI)/ha in H. virescens for all dates”
Claim · model-written summary
Field survival generally fell with higher Bacillus thuringiensis rate for both pest species.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- B. thuringiensis ratee0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa zeaHelicoverpa zeat0pest
- Second interactor
- Heliothis virescensHeliothis virescenst0pest
- Outcome
- survival in both speciese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the field, survival in both species generally decreased as B. thuringiensis rate increased”
t0“Helicoverpa zea and Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Field survival of H. zea exceeded H. virescens at two Bacillus thuringiensis rates.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 1.12 and 2.24 kg/ha rates of B. thuringiensise0
- Interactor
- H. zeaHelicoverpa zeae0pest
- Second interactor
- H. virescensHeliothis virescense0pest
- Outcome
- Survivale0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- H. virescense0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Survival was significantly higher in H. zea than in H. virescens at 1.12 and 2.24 kg/ha rates of B. thuringiensis at 3 and 7 dafter treatment”
t0“Cotton”
The same questions in other papers
Bacillus thuringiensis · Heliothis virescens · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
Bacillus thuringiensis · Helicoverpa zea · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.