Abstract
Influence of cultivars and pesticides on population trends and interrelationships of pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculata (Buckton), and associated arthropod taxa were studied over 3 growing seasons at Rose-mount, Minn. Greatest cultivar differences in resistance were for pea aphid and spotted alfalfa aphid. Cultivar differences were less for other pest species, but significant some sampling periods. Pesticides increased forage yields, the benefit varying with severity of pest pressure and cultivar. Fungicidal sprays resulted in greater yield increases than did insecticidal sprays; combinations were additive in effect. Populations of both aphid species and of associated entomophagous taxa were consistently higher in subplots treated with fungicides. Fungicidal sprays enhanced aphid populations by suppressing entomogenous fungi. Weekly correlations between populations of aphids and associated arthropod taxa revealed consistent patterns of significant positive correlation. Taxa tending to strong association with pea aphid included: tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois); alfalfa plant bug, Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze); the coccinellids, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, H. tredecimpunctata tibialis (Say), and Coleomegilla maculata lengi Timberlake; Orius insidiosus (Say); Chrysopa spp.; hemerobiids; syrphids; spiders; nabids; and parasitic wasps. Taxa tending to strong association with spotted alfalfa aphid included potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris); hemerobiids; nabids; Orius insidiosus ; spiders; and parasitic wasps. Strong positive correlations between either aphid species and any entomophagous taxon were interpreted as evidence of a density-dependent relationship.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar resistance differed most for pea aphid and spotted alfalfa aphid.
- Taxon
- Alfalfa
Medicago sativat0 - Interactor
- pea aphid
-PLoS.jpg?width=60)
Acyrthosiphon pisume0pest - Second interactor
- spotted alfalfa aphide0pest
- Outcome
- cultivar differences in resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
-PLoS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Minnesota Alfalfa Ecosystem”
e0“Greatest cultivar differences in resistance were for pea aphid and spotted alfalfa aphid.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar differences for other pest species were smaller but sometimes significant.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- Cultivar differencese0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Qualifier
- some sampling periodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Minnesota Alfalfa Ecosystem”
e0“Cultivar differences were less for other pest species, but significant some sampling periods.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pesticides raised forage yield, with benefit dependent on pest pressure and cultivar.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Pesticidese0
- Outcome
- forage yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- severity of pest pressure and cultivare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Minnesota Alfalfa Ecosystem”
e0“Pesticides increased forage yields, the benefit varying with severity of pest pressure and cultivar.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicidal sprays increased yield more than insecticidal sprays.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Fungicidal sprayse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- greater yield increasese0
- Comparator
- insecticidal sprayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Minnesota Alfalfa Ecosystem”
e0“Fungicidal sprays resulted in greater yield increases than did insecticidal sprays; combinations were additive in effect.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined fungicide and insecticide sprays had additive yield effects.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- combinationse0
- Outcome
- yield increasese0
- Direction
- additivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Minnesota Alfalfa Ecosystem”
e0“Fungicidal sprays resulted in greater yield increases than did insecticidal sprays; combinations were additive in effect.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide treated plots had higher aphid populations.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- fungicidese0
- Outcome
- Populations of both aphid speciese0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Minnesota Alfalfa Ecosystem”
e0“Populations of both aphid species and of associated entomophagous taxa were consistently higher in subplots treated with fungicides.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide treated plots had higher populations of entomophagous taxa.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- fungicidese0
- Outcome
- associated entomophagous taxae0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Minnesota Alfalfa Ecosystem”
e0“Populations of both aphid species and of associated entomophagous taxa were consistently higher in subplots treated with fungicides.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicides enhanced aphid populations by suppressing entomogenous fungi.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Fungicidal sprayse0
- Outcome
- aphid populationse0
- Qualifier
- suppressing entomogenous fungie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Minnesota Alfalfa Ecosystem”
e0“Fungicidal sprays enhanced aphid populations by suppressing entomogenous fungi.”
Claim · model-written summary
Weekly aphid and associated arthropod populations had consistent significant positive correlations.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae0pest
- Outcome
- positive correlatione0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Minnesota Alfalfa Ecosystem”
e0“Weekly correlations between populations of aphids and associated arthropod taxa revealed consistent patterns of significant positive correlation.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.