Abstract
In a field trial of small scale, the effect of fine granule of diazinon, 5% a. i., 100-300 micron in diameter, was investigated against rice stem borer with special references to the application method and the presence of irrigation water in the paddy field. The fine granule was applied at a rate of 40kg (a. i. 2kg) per ha (1) from the top of plant with irrigation water, (2) from the top at dried condition (3) on the soil surface at dried condition. Water supply in (2) and (3) was not made 6 days before and after the application of granule. The moisture content of soil just before the application was about 24%.Rice stem borer was innoculated by fixing egg-masses on paper to leaf sheath of rice plant. Twenty five egg-masses, composed of ca. 50 eggs each, were set for one plot. The infestation was made at two seperate times, 7 days before and just before the application. In the former, eggs at black head stage were set, so that the hatched larvae were to have bored into rice stem 4 to 5 days before the application. In the latter, eggs at middle stage were used, so that the boring of larvae was to occur after the application.When the fine granule was applied from the top of plant already infested, it showed satisfactory control effect both at irrigated and dried condition. Larvae were completely killed and number of injured stem reduced significantly. On the contrary, the granule applied on the soil surface of dried field was less effective.When the granule was applied before hatching of the borer, no reduction of injured stems was found, suggesting that the rice plant could not be protected from ipfestation by hatched larvae. However, at the plots where the granule was applied from the top of plant, mortality of larvae found in the stems was more than 90% and the hatchability of innoculated eggs was also reduced apparently.These results suggest that the insecticidal effect of diazinon fine granule is mainly attributed to the action of fine granule particles attached to the plant but less to the active ingredient penetrated or absorbed through irrigation water. The eggs and larvae could be partly affected through other actions, such as, vaporized ingredient.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Top-applied diazinon controlled established stem borer infestations under irrigated conditions.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- fine granule was applied from the top of plante0
- Interactor
- stem borert0pest
- Outcome
- satisfactory control effecte0
- Qualifier
- irrigatede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the fine granule was applied from the top of plant already infested, it showed satisfactory control effect both at irrigated and dried condition”
t0“rice stem borer”
Claim · model-written summary
Top-applied diazinon controlled established stem borer infestations under dry conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- fine granule was applied from the top of plante0
- Interactor
- stem borert0pest
- Outcome
- satisfactory control effecte0
- Qualifier
- dried conditione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the fine granule was applied from the top of plant already infested, it showed satisfactory control effect both at irrigated and dried condition”
t0“rice stem borer”
Claim · model-written summary
Top-applied granules killed all stem borer larvae in established infestations.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- diazinon fine granulet1
- Interactor
- stem borert0pest
- Outcome
- Larvaee0
- Direction
- completely killede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Larvae were completely killed”
t0“rice stem borer”
t1“diazinon fine granule on rice stem borer”
Claim · model-written summary
Top-applied granules significantly reduced injured stems.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- diazinon fine granulet0
- Interactor
- stem borert0pest
- Outcome
- number of injured steme0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“number of injured stem reduced significantly”
t0“diazinon fine granule on rice stem borer”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil surface application in dry fields was less effective.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- granule applied on the soil surface of dried fielde0
- Interactor
- stem borert0pest
- Outcome
- less effectivee0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the granule applied on the soil surface of dried field was less effective”
t0“diazinon fine granule on rice stem borer”
Claim · model-written summary
Application before borer hatching did not reduce injured rice stems.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- granule was applied before hatching of the borere0
- Interactor
- borere0pest
- Outcome
- injured stemse0
- Direction
- no reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the granule was applied before hatching of the borer, no reduction of injured stems was found”
t0“rice stem borer”
Claim · model-written summary
Top application produced more than 90% larval mortality within stems.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- granule was applied from the top of plante0
- Interactor
- stem borert0pest
- Outcome
- mortality of larvae found in the stemse0
- Direction
- more thane0
- Value
- 90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at the plots where the granule was applied from the top of plant, mortality of larvae found in the stems was more than 90%”
t0“rice stem borer”
Claim · model-written summary
Top application apparently reduced hatchability of inoculated eggs.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- diazinon fine granulet0
- Interactor
- stem borert0pest
- Outcome
- hatchability of innoculated eggse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the hatchability of innoculated eggs was also reduced apparently”
t0“diazinon fine granule on rice stem borer”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticidal action was attributed mainly to granules attached to plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- diazinon fine granulee0
- Interactor
- stem borert0pest
- Outcome
- insecticidal effecte0
- Qualifier
- fine granule particles attached to the plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“insecticidal effect of diazinon fine granule is mainly attributed to the action of fine granule particles attached to the plant but less to the active ingredient penetrated or absorbed through irrigation water”
t0“rice stem borer”
Claim · model-written summary
Vaporized ingredient may partly affect eggs and larvae.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- stem borert0pest
- Outcome
- eggs and larvae could be partly affectede0
- Qualifier
- vaporized ingrediente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The eggs and larvae could be partly affected through other actions, such as, vaporized ingredient”
t0“rice stem borer”
The same questions in other papers
diazinon · crop injury · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
diazinon · pest · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.