Abstract
The phytotoxic activity of soil-applied pethoxamid [2-chloro-N-(2-ethoxyethyl)-N-(2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanyl) acetamide], (TKC-94), on the plant growth of rice (Oryza sativa cv. Kiyohatamochi) seedlings as an assay plant in soil was investigated under different soil moisture conditions. The phytotoxic activity of pethoxamid mixed with soil on the shoot and root growth of rice seedlings was uppermost under the highest soil moisture condition and it decreased with declining soil moisture content, while the inhibition was greater on the root growth than the shoot growth. The amount of pethoxamid adsorbed on soil solid and the concentration of pethoxamid in soil water from soil applied with this herbicide were not influenced by the soil moisture content. In addition, the phytotoxic activity on the growth of rice seedlings in sea sand culture applied with the soil water from the herbicide-applied soil was not influenced by the soil moisture content. In the sea sand culture, the phytotoxic activity of pethoxamid was significantly reduced in negative water potential as the concentration of polyethylene glycol-6000 added to the water increased. It is suggested that the phytotoxic activity of pethoxamid in the soil primarily depends on the concentration in soil water, but the phytotoxic activity was affected by soil moisture through the effect on absorption of this herbicide by rice seedlings.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Pethoxamid inhibition of rice seedling shoot and root growth was greatest at the highest soil moisture and declined as moisture fell.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- Oryza sativa cv. Kiyohatamochit0
- Treatment
- pethoxamid mixed with soile0
- Outcome
- shoot and root growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- highest soil moisture conditione0
- Comparator
- declining soil moisture contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phytotoxic activity of pethoxamid mixed with soil on the shoot and root growth of rice seedlings was uppermost under the highest soil moisture condition and it decreased with declining soil moisture content, while the inhibition was greater on the root growth than the shoot growth.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa cv. Kiyohatamochi) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Pethoxamid inhibited rice seedling root growth more than shoot growth.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- pethoxamid mixed with soile0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- shoot growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phytotoxic activity of pethoxamid mixed with soil on the shoot and root growth of rice seedlings was uppermost under the highest soil moisture condition and it decreased with declining soil moisture content, while the inhibition was greater on the root growth than the shoot growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil moisture did not influence pethoxamid adsorption on soil solids.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- soil moisture contente0
- Outcome
- amount of pethoxamid adsorbed on soil solide0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of pethoxamid adsorbed on soil solid and the concentration of pethoxamid in soil water from soil applied with this herbicide were not influenced by the soil moisture content.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa cv. Kiyohatamochi) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil moisture did not influence pethoxamid concentration in soil water.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- soil moisture contente0
- Outcome
- concentration of pethoxamid in soil watere0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of pethoxamid adsorbed on soil solid and the concentration of pethoxamid in soil water from soil applied with this herbicide were not influenced by the soil moisture content.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa cv. Kiyohatamochi) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil moisture did not influence phytotoxicity of herbicide-treated soil water to rice seedlings in sea sand culture.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- soil water from the herbicide-applied soile0
- Outcome
- phytotoxic activity on the growthe0
- Direction
- not influencede0
- Comparator
- soil moisture contente0
- Setting
- sea sand culturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, the phytotoxic activity on the growth of rice seedlings in sea sand culture applied with the soil water from the herbicide-applied soil was not influenced by the soil moisture content.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing polyethylene glycol-6000 under negative water potential significantly reduced pethoxamid phytotoxicity in sea sand culture.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- concentration of polyethylene glycol-6000 added to the water increasede0
- Outcome
- phytotoxic activity of pethoxamide0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- negative water potentiale0
- Setting
- sea sand culturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the sea sand culture, the phytotoxic activity of pethoxamid was significantly reduced in negative water potential as the concentration of polyethylene glycol-6000 added to the water increased.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa cv. Kiyohatamochi) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that soil-water pethoxamid concentration primarily determines phytotoxicity, with moisture affecting absorption by rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- soil moisturee0
- Outcome
- phytotoxic activity of pethoxamide0
- Qualifier
- effect on absorption of this herbicidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is suggested that the phytotoxic activity of pethoxamid in the soil primarily depends on the concentration in soil water, but the phytotoxic activity was affected by soil moisture through the effect on absorption of this herbicide by rice seedlings.”
The same questions in other papers
pethoxamide · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
herbicide · crop injury · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
42 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
49 papers more in this group
See all 53 papers →drought · crop injury · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
soil water · crop injury · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.