Abstract
SUMMARYA large, yellow, one-celled spore 291–812μ in diameter was found to be common in Illinois soils. Inoculation studies showed that it causes a mycorrhizal infection of the phycomycete type. The appearance of the spore and attached hyphae suggest that it is a sexual stage. These spores have been separated in quantity from soil by wet sieving and decanting. They have been surface sterilized and pure cultures grown from them. Spores germinated by producing germ tubes. Hyphae varied from coarse, irregular and coenocytic to fine, smooth and regularly septate. It was grown on various types of agar media, but only a limited growth, not exceeding 22 mm in length, was obtained. Somewhat better growth was obtained in water culture with non-sterile soil organic matter or bits of hemp seed.When artificial inoculations were made, hyphae from these spores penetrated plant roots. Hyphae were intracellular as they passed through the outer cortex and when they reached the inner cortex they became intercellular as they grew through the root. Arbuscles were produced in cortical cells just outside the endodermis. Hyphae within the roots were non-septate. After penetration, tight bunches of echinulate spores formed on the external mycelium. The internal and external vesicles often associated with this type of mycorrhiza in the field have not formed in artificial inoculations.Cross inoculation experiments utilizing spores from known sources indicate a wide host range. What appeared to be the same strain infected roots of red clover, corn, strawberry, and sweet clover.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with the soil spore caused phycomycete type mycorrhizal infection.
- Taxon
- red clover
Trifolium pratensee1 - Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Interactor
- sporese2symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal infection of the phycomycete typee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation studies showed that it causes a mycorrhizal infection of the phycomycete type”
e1“infected roots of red clover, corn, strawberry, and sweet clover”
e2“these spores penetrated plant roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Hyphae from the spores penetrated plant roots after artificial inoculation.
Verbatim
e0“When artificial inoculations were made, hyphae from these spores penetrated plant roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Hyphae were intracellular through the outer root cortex.
Verbatim
e0“Hyphae were intracellular as they passed through the outer cortex”
e1“plant roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Hyphae became intercellular in the inner root cortex.
Verbatim
e0“when they reached the inner cortex they became intercellular as they grew through the root”
e1“plant roots”
e2“these spores”
Claim · model-written summary
Arbuscles formed in cortical cells just outside the endodermis.
Verbatim
e0“Arbuscles were produced in cortical cells just outside the endodermis”
e1“plant roots”
e2“these spores”
Claim · model-written summary
Hyphae within roots were nonseptate.
Verbatim
e0“Hyphae within the roots were non-septate”
e1“plant roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial inoculations did not produce internal and external vesicles.
Verbatim
e0“The internal and external vesicles often associated with this type of mycorrhiza in the field have not formed in artificial inoculations”
e1“plant roots”
e2“these spores”
Claim · model-written summary
The spore strain infected red clover roots.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Interactor
- straine0symbiont
- Outcome
- infected rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the same strain infected roots of red clover, corn, strawberry, and sweet clover”
Claim · model-written summary
The spore strain infected corn roots.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Interactor
- straine0symbiont
- Outcome
- infected rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the same strain infected roots of red clover, corn, strawberry, and sweet clover”
Claim · model-written summary
The spore strain infected strawberry roots.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae0 - Interactor
- straine0symbiont
- Outcome
- infected rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the same strain infected roots of red clover, corn, strawberry, and sweet clover”
Claim · model-written summary
The spore strain infected sweet clover roots.
Verbatim
e0“the same strain infected roots of red clover, corn, strawberry, and sweet clover”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · symbiosis · Trifolium pratense (red clover)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.