Abstract
There is little information available on the impact of superphosphate and compost on the uptake of metals by okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of superphosphate and compost in reducing metals uptake by okra to healthy acceptable levels. A field experiment in randomized complete block design (RCBD) was conducted to investigate the effect of superphosphate (SP) and compost (C) on the availability and uptake of heavy metals by okra cultivated on a metals contaminated soil. The application of SP or C significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced the availability and uptake of Cu, Pb, and Cd by okra. The C+SP treatment reduced the concentrations of Zn, Pb, and Cd in the edible portion of okra by 14, 35, and 38%. The combined application of C and SP was more effective in reducing the Zn, Pb, and Cd concentrations compared to the sole application of each amendment. The edible portion of okra collected from the unfertilized contaminated soil or that which received only C or SP contained toxic levels of Pb and Cd, while the concentrations of the two metals were below the safe limits when the two amendments were applied together. The result of the current study clearly indicated that it is feasible to apply P fertilizer and compost together to alleviate root‐to‐shoot transfer of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd in okra. Core Ideas The study aims to find the optimum plants and fertilization management for contaminated soils. Compost and superphosphate reduced metals concentrations in okra fruit. Okra fruit was safe for human consumption only when the two amendments applied together.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Superphosphate reduced Cu, Pb and Cd availability and uptake by okra.
- Taxon
- okra
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentuse0 - Treatment
- SPe0
- Outcome
- availability and uptake of Cu, Pb, and Cd by okrae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The application of SP or C significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced the availability and uptake of Cu, Pb, and Cd by okra.”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost reduced Cu, Pb and Cd availability and uptake by okra.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- Ce0
- Outcome
- availability and uptake of Cu, Pb, and Cd by okrae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of SP or C significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced the availability and uptake of Cu, Pb, and Cd by okra.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined compost and superphosphate reduced edible okra Zn concentration by 14%.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Organ / stage
- edible portione0
- Treatment
- C+SPe0
- Outcome
- concentrations of Zne0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 14, 35, and 38%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The C+SP treatment reduced the concentrations of Zn, Pb, and Cd in the edible portion of okra by 14, 35, and 38%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined amendments reduced edible okra Pb concentration by 35%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The C+SP treatment reduced the concentrations of Zn, Pb, and Cd in the edible portion of okra by 14, 35, and 38%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined amendments reduced edible okra Cd concentration by 38%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The C+SP treatment reduced the concentrations of Zn, Pb, and Cd in the edible portion of okra by 14, 35, and 38%.”
e1“38%”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined amendments reduced Zn, Pb and Cd more than either amendment alone.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- combined application of C and SPe0
- Outcome
- Zn, Pb, and Cd concentrationse0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- sole application of each amendmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined application of C and SP was more effective in reducing the Zn, Pb, and Cd concentrations compared to the sole application of each amendment.”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Edible okra from unfertilized or singly amended soil contained toxic Pb and Cd levels.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Organ / stage
- edible portione0
- Treatment
- only C or SPe0
- Outcome
- toxic levels of Pb and Cde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The edible portion of okra collected from the unfertilized contaminated soil or that which received only C or SP contained toxic levels of Pb and Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined amendments brought Pb and Cd below safe limits in edible okra.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- two amendments were applied togethere0
- Outcome
- concentrations of the two metalse0
- Direction
- below the safe limitse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentrations of the two metals were below the safe limits when the two amendments were applied together.”
t0“okra”
The same questions in other papers
phosphorus · nutrient: content · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.