Abstract
Two trials were conducted in 2008 and 2009 cropping season, with the principal objective of comparing the effects of tillage systems and herbicides on the yield as well as the economics of these systems in lowland rice production. The ten treatments used consist of nine (9) glyphosate at three levels (1.44, 2.16 and 2.88 kg a.i/ha) that was either followed by 2 4-D (360g/l), propanil (360g/l) or propanil (360 g/l) + 2,4-D (720 g/l) at -3WAP and a control [conventional tillage + 2, 4-D {720 g/l) + propanil (360/l at 3 weeks after planting (WAP)]. The experiments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications using a rice variety Faro 44 (SIPI 692033). Generally throughout the period of observation (3, 6 and 9 WAP) all the zero tillage treatment recorded lower weed cover score. However, crop vigour score was highest from conventional tillage system that was followed by a mixture of 2, 4-D and propanil 3 WAP. Rice stand at 4 WAP was not significantly affected by the tillage systems as comparable results were obtained from both the zero and conventional systems. The number of grains per panicle and grain yield increased as the amount of pre-plant herbicide increased. Conventional tillage recorded the highest number of grains per panicle (145.62) and grain yield (266.63 kg/ha) that was comparable to the zero tillage with glyphosate at the rate of 2.88 kg a.i/ha that was followed by a combination of 2,4-D and propanil both at the rate of 1.44 kg a.i/ha. The economics analysis (zero and conventional tillage systems) indicated that pre-plant glyphosate used at the rate of either 2.16 kg a.i/ha and 2.88 kg a.i/ha that was followed by either a mixture of 2, 4-D and propanil or used singly, gave benefit-cost ration of 4.55 -4.75. The highest benefit-cost of 4.48 was obtained in the conventional tillage.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage treatments had lower weed cover scores across observation periods.
Not reportedOrgan / stageComparator
Verbatim
e0“Generally throughout the period of observation (3, 6 and 9 WAP) all the zero tillage treatment recorded lower weed cover score.”
t0“lowland rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage followed by mixed herbicides had the highest crop vigour score.
- Taxon
- lowland ricet0
- Treatment
- conventional tillage system that was followed by a mixture of 2, 4-D and propanil 3 WAPe0
- Outcome
- crop vigour scoree0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“crop vigour score was highest from conventional tillage system that was followed by a mixture of 2, 4-D and propanil 3 WAP.”
t0“lowland rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice stand at four weeks was comparable under zero and conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- 4 WAPe0
- Treatment
- tillage systemse0
- Outcome
- Rice stande0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- zero and conventional systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice stand at 4 WAP was not significantly affected by the tillage systems as comparable results were obtained from both the zero and conventional systems.”
Claim · model-written summary
Grains per panicle increased with increasing pre-plant herbicide amount.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- pre-plant herbicidee0
- Outcome
- number of grains per paniclee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of grains per panicle and grain yield increased as the amount of pre-plant herbicide increased.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield increased with increasing pre-plant herbicide amount.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- pre-plant herbicidee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of grains per panicle and grain yield increased as the amount of pre-plant herbicide increased.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage produced the highest grains per panicle, 145.62.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Conventional tillagee0
- Outcome
- number of grains per paniclee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 145.62e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conventional tillage recorded the highest number of grains per panicle (145.62) and grain yield (266.63 kg/ha)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage produced the highest grain yield, 266.63 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Conventional tillagee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 266.63 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conventional tillage recorded the highest number of grains per panicle (145.62) and grain yield (266.63 kg/ha)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate at 2.16 or 2.88 kg a.i/ha followed by herbicides gave a benefit-cost ratio of 4.55 -4.75.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- pre-plant glyphosate used at the rate of either 2.16 kg a.i/ha and 2.88 kg a.i/hae0
- Outcome
- benefit-cost ratione0
- Value
- 4.55 -4.75e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pre-plant glyphosate used at the rate of either 2.16 kg a.i/ha and 2.88 kg a.i/ha that was followed by either a mixture of 2, 4-D and propanil or used singly, gave benefit-cost ration of 4.55 -4.75”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage had a reported highest benefit-cost value of 4.48.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- conventional tillagee0
- Outcome
- benefit-coste0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4.48e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest benefit-cost of 4.48 was obtained in the conventional tillage.”
t0“rice”
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