Abstract
A two-stage system for controlled generation of sulfur dioxide to retard spread of decay from Botrytis cinerea Pers. in packed table grapes was developed for closed containers holding 27 pounds of fruit, either: 1) unvented telescope paraffin-plastic-coated corrugated paper; or 2) wooden lugs with completely closed polyethylene-coated chip-board liners. For the first-stage system, tissue-paper packets containing sodium bisulfite were distributed evenly in excelsior cushion pads above and below the fruit. Dose per container was 1.8-5.4 grams, divided among 12 packets. For the second-stage, sodium bisulfite was sealed in paraffin-coated tubes of 2 x 150 mm evenly spaced in the pads. Dose per container was 4.8-10.8 grams, distributed in 6 tubes. Packed containers were closed, precooled, and stored at 31 °F. Within 2 hours of closure, first-stage sulfur dioxide was detected, in some experiments reaching maximum concentration (12-40 ppm, depending on dose) by the second day. The second-stage system started generating sulfur dioxide after 5 days reaching maximum concentration (2-40 ppm) by the 12th day. Containers with high second-stage doses still contained 2-4 ppm of sulfur dioxide in the air at 53 days. Low-dose treatments were exhausted in about 40 days. For periods up to 30 days, high-dose first and second stages gave decay control equal to or better than that in the control—vented containers fumigated initially with sulfur dioxide and weekly thereafter. However, this dose caused appreciable bleaching. The low-dose first and second stages produced less or no more bleaching than that in the controls. Berries and stems in closed containers were conspicuously more turgid and fresh than those in the controls, because of considerably less water loss. Storage temperatures to 39°F had no effect on exposure to sulfur dioxide but did increase spread of decay. A simulated export shipment test demonstrated that the two-stage system without sawdust protected grapes from decay as well as the NaHSO3-sawdust method now used.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
First-stage sulfur dioxide was detected within 2 hours of closure in packed table grapes.
Verbatim
e1“decay from Botrytis cinerea Pers. in packed table grapes”
e2“Within 2 hours of closure, first-stage sulfur dioxide was detected”
Claim · model-written summary
The first-stage system reached a maximum sulfur dioxide concentration of 12-40 ppm, depending on dose, by the second day.
Verbatim
e1“decay from Botrytis cinerea Pers. in packed table grapes”
e3“reaching maximum concentration (12-40 ppm, depending on dose) by the second day”
Claim · model-written summary
The second-stage system reached a maximum sulfur dioxide concentration of 2-40 ppm by the 12th day.
Verbatim
e1“decay from Botrytis cinerea Pers. in packed table grapes”
e4“The second-stage system started generating sulfur dioxide after 5 days reaching maximum concentration (2-40 ppm) by the 12th day”
Claim · model-written summary
High-dose first and second stages gave decay control equal to or better than vented containers fumigated with sulfur dioxide, for up to 30 days.
Verbatim
e1“decay from Botrytis cinerea Pers. in packed table grapes”
e5“For periods up to 30 days, high-dose first and second stages gave decay control equal to or better than that in the control—vented containers fumigated initially with sulfur dioxide and weekly thereafter”
Claim · model-written summary
The high dose caused appreciable bleaching of table grapes.
Verbatim
e1“decay from Botrytis cinerea Pers. in packed table grapes”
e6“However, this dose caused appreciable bleaching”
Claim · model-written summary
The low-dose first and second stages produced less or no more bleaching than the controls.
Verbatim
e1“decay from Botrytis cinerea Pers. in packed table grapes”
e7“The low-dose first and second stages produced less or no more bleaching than that in the controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Berries and stems in closed containers were more turgid and fresh than those in the controls, because of less water loss.
Verbatim
e1“decay from Botrytis cinerea Pers. in packed table grapes”
e2“Berries and stems in closed containers were conspicuously more turgid and fresh than those in the controls, because of considerably less water loss”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage at 39°F had no effect on exposure to sulfur dioxide.
- Taxon
- table grapese1
- Treatment
- Storage temperatures to 39°Fe2
- Outcome
- exposure to sulfur dioxidee2
- Direction
- no effecte2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“decay from Botrytis cinerea Pers. in packed table grapes”
e2“Storage temperatures to 39°F had no effect on exposure to sulfur dioxide but did increase spread of decay”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage at 39°F increased the spread of decay in table grapes.
- Taxon
- table grapese1
- Treatment
- Storage temperatures to 39°Fe2
- Outcome
- spread of decaye2
- Direction
- increasee2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“decay from Botrytis cinerea Pers. in packed table grapes”
e2“Storage temperatures to 39°F had no effect on exposure to sulfur dioxide but did increase spread of decay”
Claim · model-written summary
In a simulated export shipment, the two-stage system without sawdust protected grapes from decay as well as the NaHSO3-sawdust method.
Verbatim
e0“A simulated export shipment test demonstrated that the two-stage system without sawdust protected grapes from decay as well as the NaHSO3-sawdust method now used”
The same questions in other papers
storage · molecular: metabolites · VitisPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →storage · disease · VitisPositive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →growing medium · disease · VitisResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.