Abstract
Homeodomain leucine zipper class I (HD-Zip I) transcription factors (TFs) play key roles in the regulation of plant growth and development under stresses. Functions of the TaHDZipI-2 gene isolated from the endosperm of developing wheat grain were revealed. Molecular characterization of TaHDZipI-2 protein included studies of its dimerisation, protein-DNA interactions and gene activation properties using pull-down assays, in-yeast methods and transient expression assays in wheat cells. The analysis of TaHDZipI-2 gene functions was performed using transgenic barley plants. It included comparison of developmental phenotypes, yield components, grain quality, frost tolerance and the levels of expression of potential target genes in transgenic and control plants. Transgenic TaHDZipI-2 lines showed characteristic phenotypic features that included reduced growth rates, reduced biomass, early flowering, light-coloured leaves and narrowly elongated spikes. Transgenic lines produced 25-40% more seeds per spike than control plants, but with 50-60% smaller grain size. In vivo lipid imaging exposed changes in the distribution of lipids between the embryo and endosperm in transgenic seeds. Transgenic lines were significantly more tolerant to frost than control plants. Our data suggest the role of TaHDZipI-2 in controlling several key processes underlying frost tolerance, transition to flowering and spike development.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
TaHDZipI-2 barley lines had reduced growth rates and biomass.
- Taxon
- barley
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Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- Transgenic TaHDZipI-2 linese1
- Gene
- TaHDZipI-2e0
- Outcome
- growth rates, reduced biomasse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The analysis of TaHDZipI-2 gene functions was performed using transgenic barley plants.”
e1“Transgenic TaHDZipI-2 lines showed characteristic phenotypic features that included reduced growth rates, reduced biomass, early flowering, light-coloured leaves and narrowly elongated spikes.”
Claim · model-written summary
TaHDZipI-2 barley lines flowered early.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Transgenic TaHDZipI-2 linese1
- Gene
- TaHDZipI-2e1
- Outcome
- floweringe1
- Direction
- earlye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transgenic barley plants”
e1“Transgenic TaHDZipI-2 lines showed characteristic phenotypic features that included reduced growth rates, reduced biomass, early flowering, light-coloured leaves and narrowly elongated spikes.”
Claim · model-written summary
TaHDZipI-2 barley lines had light leaves and narrow elongated spikes.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Material
- Transgenic TaHDZipI-2 linese1
- Outcome
- light-coloured leaves and narrowly elongated spikese1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transgenic barley plants”
e1“Transgenic TaHDZipI-2 lines showed characteristic phenotypic features that included reduced growth rates, reduced biomass, early flowering, light-coloured leaves and narrowly elongated spikes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic barley produced 25-40% more seeds per spike than controls.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Transgenic linese1
- Outcome
- seeds per spikee1
- Direction
- moree1
- Value
- 25-40%e1
- Comparator
- control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transgenic barley plants”
e1“Transgenic lines produced 25-40% more seeds per spike than control plants, but with 50-60% smaller grain size.”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic barley grain was 50-60% smaller than control grain.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Transgenic linese1
- Outcome
- grain sizee1
- Direction
- smallere1
- Value
- 50-60%e1
- Comparator
- control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transgenic barley plants”
e1“Transgenic lines produced 25-40% more seeds per spike than control plants, but with 50-60% smaller grain size.”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic barley seeds showed altered lipid distribution between embryo and endosperm.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Organ / stage
- transgenic seedse1
- Outcome
- distribution of lipids between the embryo and endosperme1
- Direction
- changese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transgenic barley plants”
e1“In vivo lipid imaging exposed changes in the distribution of lipids between the embryo and endosperm in transgenic seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic barley lines were significantly more frost tolerant than controls.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Transgenic linese1
- Outcome
- tolerant to froste1
- Direction
- more tolerante1
- Comparator
- control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transgenic barley plants”
e1“Transgenic lines were significantly more tolerant to frost than control plants.”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.