Abstract
5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an essential precursor for the biosynthesis of tetrapyrrols such as heme and chlorophyll (Chl). Previous studies have focused mainly on promotive effects of exogenous ALA on plant growth, while regulatory mechanisms affecting Chl biosynthesis have been only partially discussed. In the present study, the ameliorative role of exogenous ALA was investigated on Chl and endogenous ALA biosynthesis in six-day-old etiolated oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cotyledons during the de-etiolation stage. We showed that exogenously applied ALA of a low dosage enhanced Chl and ALA accumulation in cotyledons, while 600 µM ALA treatment inhibited the accumulation of Chl and ALA severely. However, the gene expression levels of glutamyl-tRNA reductase (HEMA) and glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase (GSA) were not affected under either low or high ALA concentrations. Furthermore, water deficit induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) suppressed the Chl and ALA accumulation in cotyledons, while the inhibition was partially alleviated in the cotyledons pretreated with ALA. The decrease in Chl biosynthesis induced by PEG stress was assumed to be related to downregulation of HEMA and Mg-chelatase ChlH (ChlH), and upregulation of ferrochelatase (FC) genes. Moreover, exogenously applied ALA did not show any effect on the expression of Chl synthesis-related genes under the PEG treatment. These results showed a difference in suppressing ALA synthesis due to the high concentration of ALA and PEG. Exogenously applied ALA did not affect the expression of HEMA and GSA, thus exogenous ALA regulated Chl synthesis not via the regulation of transcriptional level in ALA biosynthesis. However, the inhibition in Chl and endogenous ALA accumulation by the PEG treatment may be attributed to downregulation of HEMA and ChlH, and upregulation of FC.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Low-dosage exogenous ALA enhanced chlorophyll and ALA accumulation in oilseed rape cotyledons.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napuse0 - Organ / stage
- cotyledonse0
- Treatment
- exogenously applied ALA of a low dosagee1
- Outcome
- Chl and ALA accumulatione1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“six-day-old etiolated oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cotyledons during the de-etiolation stage”
e1“exogenously applied ALA of a low dosage enhanced Chl and ALA accumulation in cotyledons”
Claim · model-written summary
A 600 µM ALA treatment severely inhibited chlorophyll and ALA accumulation in oilseed rape cotyledons.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- 600 µM ALA treatmente2
- Outcome
- accumulation of Chl and ALAe2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
- Qualifier
- severelye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six-day-old etiolated oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cotyledons during the de-etiolation stage”
e2“600 µM ALA treatment inhibited the accumulation of Chl and ALA severely”
Claim · model-written summary
Low and high ALA concentrations did not affect the gene expression of HEMA and GSA in oilseed rape cotyledons.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- low or high ALA concentrationse3
- Gene
- glutamyl-tRNA reductase (HEMA) and glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase (GSA)e3
- Outcome
- gene expression levelse3
- Direction
- not affectede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six-day-old etiolated oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cotyledons during the de-etiolation stage”
e3“the gene expression levels of glutamyl-tRNA reductase (HEMA) and glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase (GSA) were not affected under either low or high ALA concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG-induced water deficit suppressed chlorophyll and ALA accumulation in oilseed rape cotyledons.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napuse0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledonse4
- Treatment
- water deficit induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG)e4
- Outcome
- Chl and ALA accumulatione4
- Direction
- suppressede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six-day-old etiolated oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cotyledons during the de-etiolation stage”
e4“water deficit induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) suppressed the Chl and ALA accumulation in cotyledons”
Claim · model-written summary
ALA pretreatment partially alleviated the PEG-induced inhibition in oilseed rape cotyledons.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napuse0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledonse5
- Treatment
- pretreated with ALAe5
- Outcome
- inhibitione5
- Direction
- partially alleviatede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six-day-old etiolated oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cotyledons during the de-etiolation stage”
e5“the inhibition was partially alleviated in the cotyledons pretreated with ALA”
Claim · model-written summary
The PEG-induced decrease in chlorophyll biosynthesis is assumed to be related to downregulation of HEMA and Mg-chelatase ChlH.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- PEG stresse6
- Gene
- HEMA and Mg-chelatase ChlHe6
- Outcome
- Chl biosynthesise6
- Direction
- downregulatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six-day-old etiolated oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cotyledons during the de-etiolation stage”
e6“The decrease in Chl biosynthesis induced by PEG stress was assumed to be related to downregulation of HEMA and Mg-chelatase ChlH (ChlH), and upregulation of ferrochelatase (FC) genes”
Claim · model-written summary
The PEG-induced decrease in chlorophyll biosynthesis is assumed to be related to upregulation of ferrochelatase (FC) genes.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- PEG stresse6
- Gene
- ferrochelatase (FC)e6
- Outcome
- Chl biosynthesise6
- Direction
- upregulatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six-day-old etiolated oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cotyledons during the de-etiolation stage”
e6“The decrease in Chl biosynthesis induced by PEG stress was assumed to be related to downregulation of HEMA and Mg-chelatase ChlH (ChlH), and upregulation of ferrochelatase (FC) genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ALA did not change the expression of chlorophyll synthesis-related genes under PEG treatment.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- exogenously applied ALAe7
- Outcome
- expression of Chl synthesis-related genese7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six-day-old etiolated oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cotyledons during the de-etiolation stage”
e7“exogenously applied ALA did not show any effect on the expression of Chl synthesis-related genes under the PEG treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ALA appears to regulate chlorophyll synthesis not through transcriptional regulation of ALA biosynthesis genes.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- exogenous ALAe1
- Outcome
- Chl synthesise1
- Qualifier
- not via the regulation of transcriptional level in ALA biosynthesise1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six-day-old etiolated oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cotyledons during the de-etiolation stage”
e1“Exogenously applied ALA did not affect the expression of HEMA and GSA, thus exogenous ALA regulated Chl synthesis not via the regulation of transcriptional level in ALA biosynthesis”
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