Abstract
In acidic soil release of aluminium (Al) from the solid phase in the rhizosphere is a stress for plants. The pH strongly influences speciation of Al(III), leading to distinct changes in Al phytotoxicity. A hypothesised mechanism of Al tolerance is the chelation and detoxi- fication of Al(III) by organic acids. Internal or external complex formation determines the behaviour of Al in the cell. Some natural and synthetic compounds were tested in glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) assay. GS (total) was extracted from leaves and roots of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown hydroponically. Magnesium activates both form of GS, but the enzyme activity shows characteristic changes along the Mg 2+ concentration range (0-32 mM). Our results confirmed the well-known protective role of citrate and malate, but presented a group of Al(III)-complexes, which activated the GS. In this group the ligand itself had no effect on reaction, however the Al(III)-complex enhanced the GS activity, even in low- Mg 2+ samples. Despite of this stimulation, Al 3+ could not substitute Mg 2+ in the suboptimal Mg 2+ - range, and it was not a competitor either.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium activated both glutamine synthetase forms, with activity changing across magnesium concentration.
- Taxon
- common wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- Magnesiume0
- Gene
- GSe0
- Outcome
- enzyme activitye0
- Qualifier
- Mg 2+ concentration range (0-32 mM)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Magnesium activates both form of GS, but the enzyme activity shows characteristic changes along the Mg 2+ concentration range (0-32 mM)”
e1“common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Citrate and malate protected glutamine synthetase activity.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- citrate and malatee0
- Outcome
- protective rolee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results confirmed the well-known protective role of citrate and malate”
e1“common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
A group of Al(III)-complexes activated glutamine synthetase, even at low Mg 2+.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Al(III)-complexe0
- Gene
- GSe0
- Outcome
- GS activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- low- Mg 2+ samplese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Al(III)-complex enhanced the GS activity, even in low- Mg 2+ samples”
e1“common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The ligand alone had no effect on the reaction.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- ligande0
- Outcome
- reactione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ligand itself had no effect on reaction”
e1“common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Al 3+ did not substitute for or compete with Mg 2+ in the suboptimal Mg 2+ range.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- could not substitute Mg 2+e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al 3+ could not substitute Mg 2+ in the suboptimal Mg 2+ - range, and it was not a competitor either”
e1“common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
The same questions in other papers
aluminium atom · physiology: gas exchange · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
magnesium atom · soil: biology · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.