Abstract
It is now widely accepted that calcium (Ca) deficiency is linked to potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber disorders and improved tuber health is expected through increased Ca availability. The purpose of this study was to optimize the Ca concentration in Murashige-Skoog (MS) basal medium for microtuber production and determine microtuber mineral composition, especially Ca content. The response of cultivars ‘Bintje’ and ‘Russet Burbank’ to the Ca concentration in the media including 3 (control), 10, 15, 20, or 25 mM was different for most parameters measured. Ca at 10 mM concentration improved overall performance of ‘Bintje’ but not ‘Russet Burbank’, compared to controls (3 mM Ca). Higher levels of Ca in the medium were somewhat toxic to both cultivars. Increased Ca concentration in the medium did not affect final shoot fresh weight (SFW) in ‘Bintje’ but reduced it in ‘Russet Burbank’ compared with control medium. Ten mM Ca increased microtuber number by 19% in both cultivars. It also increased microtuber fresh weight by 19.5% in ‘Bintje’ with no effect on ‘Russet Burbank’. Mean tuber weight was not affected in ‘Bintje’ but was decreased by 17% in ‘Russet Burbank’. Harvest index in both cultivars was slightly improved at 10 mM Ca but higher levels reduced this index significantly. Microtuber tissue Ca content was greatly increased by Ca treatment in both cultivars. Maximum increase was observed at 15 mM Ca (70%) and 10 mM Ca (61%) in ‘Bintje’ and ‘Russet Burbank’, respectively. Ten mM Ca also increased P (25%) and K (19%), in ‘Bintje’ whereas in ‘Russet Burbank’ only P was increased up to 20% at this level of Ca. Unlike Zn, accumulation of other microelements were affected rather differently in two cultivars. Ten mM Ca had no reducing effects on Fe, Mn and Cu accumulation in ‘Bintje’ whereas it had significant reducing effects in ‘Russet Burbank’. It is concluded that the conventional concentration of Ca in MS medium (3 mM) is not high enough for optimum microtuberization. Hence, it appears that optimization of the Ca concentration is necessary for each cultivar.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 mM calcium, Bintje performed better overall than at 3 mM.
- Taxon
- potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Material
- ‘Bintje’e0
- Treatment
- Ca at 10 mMe0
- Outcome
- overall performancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- controls (3 mM Ca)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ca at 10 mM concentration improved overall performance of ‘Bintje’ but not ‘Russet Burbank’, compared to controls (3 mM Ca)”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 mM calcium, Russet Burbank did not improve overall versus 3 mM.
- Taxon
- potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- ‘Russet Burbank’e0
- Treatment
- Ca at 10 mMe0
- Outcome
- overall performancee0
- Comparator
- controls (3 mM Ca)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ca at 10 mM concentration improved overall performance of ‘Bintje’ but not ‘Russet Burbank’, compared to controls (3 mM Ca)”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher calcium levels were somewhat toxic to both cultivars.
- Taxon
- potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- somewhat toxice0
- Qualifier
- Higher levels of Ca in the mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher levels of Ca in the medium were somewhat toxic to both cultivars”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased calcium did not change Bintje final shoot fresh weight.
- Taxon
- potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- ‘Bintje’e0
- Treatment
- Increased Ca concentration in the mediume0
- Outcome
- final shoot fresh weight (SFW)e0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Comparator
- control mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased Ca concentration in the medium did not affect final shoot fresh weight (SFW) in ‘Bintje’ but reduced it in ‘Russet Burbank’ compared with control medium”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased calcium reduced Russet Burbank final shoot fresh weight.
- Taxon
- potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- ‘Russet Burbank’e0
- Treatment
- Increased Ca concentration in the mediume0
- Outcome
- final shoot fresh weight (SFW)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased Ca concentration in the medium did not affect final shoot fresh weight (SFW) in ‘Bintje’ but reduced it in ‘Russet Burbank’ compared with control medium”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten mM calcium increased microtuber number by 19% in ‘Bintje’.
- Taxon
- potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- ‘Bintje’e1
- Treatment
- Ten mM Cae0
- Outcome
- microtuber numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ten mM Ca increased microtuber number by 19% in both cultivars”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“The response of cultivars ‘Bintje’ and ‘Russet Burbank’ to the Ca concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten mM calcium increased microtuber number by 19% in ‘Russet Burbank’.
- Taxon
- potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- ‘Russet Burbank’e1
- Treatment
- Ten mM Cae0
- Outcome
- microtuber numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ten mM Ca increased microtuber number by 19% in both cultivars”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“The response of cultivars ‘Bintje’ and ‘Russet Burbank’ to the Ca concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten mM calcium increased Bintje microtuber fresh weight by 19.5%.
- Taxon
- potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- ‘Bintje’e0
- Treatment
- Ten mM Cae1
- Outcome
- microtuber fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also increased microtuber fresh weight by 19.5% in ‘Bintje’ with no effect on ‘Russet Burbank’”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“Ten mM Ca increased microtuber number”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten mM calcium had no effect on Russet Burbank microtuber fresh weight.
- Taxon
- potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- ‘Russet Burbank’e0
- Treatment
- Ten mM Cae1
- Outcome
- microtuber fresh weighte0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also increased microtuber fresh weight by 19.5% in ‘Bintje’ with no effect on ‘Russet Burbank’”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“Ten mM Ca increased microtuber number”
Claim · model-written summary
Bintje mean tuber weight was unaffected.
- Taxon
- potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- ‘Bintje’e0
- Treatment
- Cae1
- Outcome
- Mean tuber weighte0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean tuber weight was not affected in ‘Bintje’ but was decreased by 17% in ‘Russet Burbank’”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“Ten mM Ca increased microtuber number”
Claim · model-written summary
Russet Burbank mean tuber weight decreased by 17%.
- Taxon
- potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- ‘Russet Burbank’e0
- Treatment
- Cae1
- Outcome
- Mean tuber weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 17%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean tuber weight was not affected in ‘Bintje’ but was decreased by 17% in ‘Russet Burbank’”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“Ten mM Ca increased microtuber number”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten mM calcium slightly improved harvest index in ‘Bintje’.
- Taxon
- potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- ‘Bintje’e1
- Treatment
- 10 mM Cae0
- Outcome
- Harvest indexe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Harvest index in both cultivars was slightly improved at 10 mM Ca but higher levels reduced this index significantly”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“The response of cultivars ‘Bintje’ and ‘Russet Burbank’ to the Ca concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher calcium significantly reduced harvest index in ‘Bintje’.
- Taxon
- potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- ‘Bintje’e1
- Treatment
- higher levelse0
- Outcome
- Harvest indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Harvest index in both cultivars was slightly improved at 10 mM Ca but higher levels reduced this index significantly”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“The response of cultivars ‘Bintje’ and ‘Russet Burbank’ to the Ca concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten mM calcium slightly improved harvest index in ‘Russet Burbank’.
- Taxon
- potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- ‘Russet Burbank’e1
- Treatment
- 10 mM Cae0
- Outcome
- Harvest indexe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Harvest index in both cultivars was slightly improved at 10 mM Ca but higher levels reduced this index significantly”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“The response of cultivars ‘Bintje’ and ‘Russet Burbank’ to the Ca concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher calcium significantly reduced harvest index in ‘Russet Burbank’.
- Taxon
- potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- ‘Russet Burbank’e1
- Treatment
- higher levelse0
- Outcome
- Harvest indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Harvest index in both cultivars was slightly improved at 10 mM Ca but higher levels reduced this index significantly”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“The response of cultivars ‘Bintje’ and ‘Russet Burbank’ to the Ca concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum microtuber calcium content increase was 70% at 15 mM Ca in ‘Bintje’.
- Taxon
- potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- ‘Bintje’e0
- Treatment
- 15 mM Cae0
- Outcome
- Microtuber tissue Ca contente1
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 70%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum increase was observed at 15 mM Ca (70%) and 10 mM Ca (61%) in ‘Bintje’ and ‘Russet Burbank’, respectively”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“Microtuber tissue Ca content was greatly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum microtuber calcium content increase was 61% at 10 mM Ca in ‘Russet Burbank’.
- Taxon
- potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- ‘Russet Burbank’e0
- Treatment
- 10 mM Cae0
- Outcome
- Microtuber tissue Ca contente1
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 61%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum increase was observed at 15 mM Ca (70%) and 10 mM Ca (61%) in ‘Bintje’ and ‘Russet Burbank’, respectively”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e1“Microtuber tissue Ca content was greatly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten mM calcium increased Bintje phosphorus by 25% and potassium by 19%.
- Taxon
- potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- ‘Bintje’e0
- Treatment
- Ten mM Cae0
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ten mM Ca also increased P (25%) and K (19%), in ‘Bintje’”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten mM calcium increased Bintje potassium by 19%.
- Taxon
- potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- ‘Bintje’e0
- Treatment
- Ten mM Cae0
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ten mM Ca also increased P (25%) and K (19%), in ‘Bintje’”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 mM calcium, Russet Burbank phosphorus increased up to 20%.
- Taxon
- potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- ‘Russet Burbank’e0
- Treatment
- Cae0
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in ‘Russet Burbank’ only P was increased up to 20% at this level of Ca”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
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