Abstract
Phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) are the two essential macronutrients for tree growth and development. To elucidate the P and N physiology of woody plants during acclimation to P and/or N starvation, we exposed saplings of the slow-growing Populus simonii Carr (Ps) and the fast-growing Populus × euramericana Dode (Pe) to complete nutrients or starvation of P, N or both elements (NP). P. × euramericana had lower P and N concentrations and greater P and N amounts due to higher biomass production, thereby resulting in greater phosphorus use efficiency/N use efficiency (PUE/NUE) compared with Ps. Compared with the roots of Ps, the roots of Pe exhibited higher enzymatic activities in terms of acid phosphatases (APs) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), which are involved in P mobilization, and nitrate reductase (NR), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), which participate in N assimilation. The responsiveness of the transcriptional regulation of key genes encoding transporters for phosphate, ammonium and nitrate was stronger in Pe than in Ps. These results suggest that Pe possesses a higher capacity for P/N uptake and assimilation, which promote faster growth compared with Ps. In both poplars, P or NP starvation caused significant decreases in the P concentrations and increases in PUE. Phosphorus deprivation induced the activity levels of APs, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and MDH in both genotypes. Nitrogen or NP deficiency resulted in lower N concentrations, amino acid levels, NR and GOGAT activities, and higher NUE in both poplars. Thus, in Ps and Pe, the mRNA levels of PHT1;5, PHT1;9, PHT2;1, AMT2;1 and NR increased in the roots, while PHT1;9, PHO1;H1, PHO2, AMT1;1 and NRT2;1 increased in the leaves during acclimation to P, N or NP deprivation. These results suggest that both poplars suppress P/N uptake, mobilization and assimilation during acclimation to P, N or NP starvation.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Pe had lower phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations than Ps.
- Taxon
- Populus × euramericana Dode
Populus ×canadensise1 - Material
- P. × euramericanae0
- Outcome
- P and N concentrationse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- Populus simonii Carre1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. × euramericana had lower P and N concentrations and greater P and N amounts due to higher biomass production”
t0“poplar”
e1“saplings of the slow-growing Populus simonii Carr (Ps) and the fast-growing Populus × euramericana Dode (Pe)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pe had greater phosphorus and nitrogen amounts than Ps due to higher biomass.
- Taxon
- Populus × euramericana DodePopulus ×canadensise1
- Material
- P. × euramericanae0
- Outcome
- P and N amountse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- higher biomass productione0
- Comparator
- Populus simonii Carre1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. × euramericana had lower P and N concentrations and greater P and N amounts due to higher biomass production”
t0“poplar”
e1“saplings of the slow-growing Populus simonii Carr (Ps) and the fast-growing Populus × euramericana Dode (Pe)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pe had higher biomass production than Ps.
- Taxon
- Populus × euramericana DodePopulus ×canadensise1
- Material
- P. × euramericanae0
- Outcome
- biomass productione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Populus simonii Carre1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. × euramericana had lower P and N concentrations and greater P and N amounts due to higher biomass production”
t0“poplar”
e1“saplings of the slow-growing Populus simonii Carr (Ps) and the fast-growing Populus × euramericana Dode (Pe)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pe had greater P and N use efficiency than Ps.
- Taxon
- Populus × euramericana DodePopulus ×canadensise1
- Material
- Populus × euramericana Dodee1
- Outcome
- phosphorus use efficiency/N use efficiency (PUE/NUE)e0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- Pse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in greater phosphorus use efficiency/N use efficiency (PUE/NUE) compared with Ps”
t0“poplar”
e1“saplings of the slow-growing Populus simonii Carr (Ps) and the fast-growing Populus × euramericana Dode (Pe)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pe roots had higher AP and MDH activity than Ps roots.
- Taxon
- Populus × euramericana DodePopulus ×canadensise1
- Material
- Pee0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Gene
- acid phosphatases (APs) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH)e0
- Outcome
- enzymatic activitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Pse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the roots of Ps, the roots of Pe exhibited higher enzymatic activities in terms of acid phosphatases (APs) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH)”
t0“poplar”
e1“saplings of the slow-growing Populus simonii Carr (Ps) and the fast-growing Populus × euramericana Dode (Pe)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pe roots had higher NR, GOGAT and GDH activity than Ps roots.
- Taxon
- Populus × euramericana DodePopulus ×canadensise1
- Material
- Pee0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Gene
- nitrate reductase (NR), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH)e0
- Outcome
- enzymatic activitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Pse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the roots of Ps, the roots of Pe exhibited higher enzymatic activities in terms of acid phosphatases (APs) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), which are involved in P mobilization, and nitrate reductase (NR), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH)”
t0“poplar”
e1“saplings of the slow-growing Populus simonii Carr (Ps) and the fast-growing Populus × euramericana Dode (Pe)”
Claim · model-written summary
Transporter gene transcription responded more strongly in Pe than Ps.
- Taxon
- Populus × euramericana DodePopulus ×canadensise1
- Material
- Pee0
- Gene
- key genes encoding transporters for phosphate, ammonium and nitratee0
- Outcome
- responsiveness of the transcriptional regulatione0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Comparator
- Pse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The responsiveness of the transcriptional regulation of key genes encoding transporters for phosphate, ammonium and nitrate was stronger in Pe than in Ps”
t0“poplar”
e1“saplings of the slow-growing Populus simonii Carr (Ps) and the fast-growing Populus × euramericana Dode (Pe)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pe may have higher P and N uptake and assimilation capacity that promotes faster growth than Ps.
- Taxon
- Populus × euramericana DodePopulus ×canadensise1
- Material
- Pee0
- Outcome
- faster growthe0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Qualifier
- higher capacity for P/N uptake and assimilatione0
- Comparator
- Pse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pe possesses a higher capacity for P/N uptake and assimilation, which promote faster growth compared with Ps”
t0“poplar”
e1“saplings of the slow-growing Populus simonii Carr (Ps) and the fast-growing Populus × euramericana Dode (Pe)”
Claim · model-written summary
P starvation decreased P concentration in both poplars.
PopulusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both poplars, P or NP starvation caused significant decreases in the P concentrations and increases in PUE”
t0“poplar”
e1“saplings of the slow-growing Populus simonii Carr (Ps) and the fast-growing Populus × euramericana Dode (Pe)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined NP starvation decreased P concentration in both poplars.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both poplars, P or NP starvation caused significant decreases in the P concentrations and increases in PUE”
t0“poplar”
e1“saplings of the slow-growing Populus simonii Carr (Ps) and the fast-growing Populus × euramericana Dode (Pe)”
Claim · model-written summary
P starvation increased P use efficiency in both poplars.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both poplars, P or NP starvation caused significant decreases in the P concentrations and increases in PUE”
t0“poplar”
e1“saplings of the slow-growing Populus simonii Carr (Ps) and the fast-growing Populus × euramericana Dode (Pe)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined NP starvation increased P use efficiency in both poplars.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both poplars, P or NP starvation caused significant decreases in the P concentrations and increases in PUE”
t0“poplar”
e1“saplings of the slow-growing Populus simonii Carr (Ps) and the fast-growing Populus × euramericana Dode (Pe)”
Claim · model-written summary
P deprivation induced AP, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and MDH activities in both genotypes.
- Treatment
- Phosphorus deprivatione0
- Gene
- APs, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and MDHe0
- Outcome
- activity levelse0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus deprivation induced the activity levels of APs, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and MDH in both genotypes”
t0“poplar”
e1“saplings of the slow-growing Populus simonii Carr (Ps) and the fast-growing Populus × euramericana Dode (Pe)”
Claim · model-written summary
N deficiency lowered N concentration and amino acid levels in both poplars.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen or NP deficiency resulted in lower N concentrations, amino acid levels, NR and GOGAT activities, and higher NUE in both poplars”
t0“poplar”
e1“saplings of the slow-growing Populus simonii Carr (Ps) and the fast-growing Populus × euramericana Dode (Pe)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined NP deficiency lowered N concentration and amino acid levels in both poplars.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen or NP deficiency resulted in lower N concentrations, amino acid levels, NR and GOGAT activities, and higher NUE in both poplars”
t0“poplar”
e1“saplings of the slow-growing Populus simonii Carr (Ps) and the fast-growing Populus × euramericana Dode (Pe)”
Claim · model-written summary
N deficiency lowered NR and GOGAT activities in both poplars.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen or NP deficiency resulted in lower N concentrations, amino acid levels, NR and GOGAT activities, and higher NUE in both poplars”
t0“poplar”
e1“saplings of the slow-growing Populus simonii Carr (Ps) and the fast-growing Populus × euramericana Dode (Pe)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined NP deficiency lowered NR and GOGAT activities in both poplars.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen or NP deficiency resulted in lower N concentrations, amino acid levels, NR and GOGAT activities, and higher NUE in both poplars”
t0“poplar”
e1“saplings of the slow-growing Populus simonii Carr (Ps) and the fast-growing Populus × euramericana Dode (Pe)”
Claim · model-written summary
N deficiency increased N use efficiency in both poplars.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen or NP deficiency resulted in lower N concentrations, amino acid levels, NR and GOGAT activities, and higher NUE in both poplars”
t0“poplar”
e1“saplings of the slow-growing Populus simonii Carr (Ps) and the fast-growing Populus × euramericana Dode (Pe)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined NP deficiency increased N use efficiency in both poplars.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen or NP deficiency resulted in lower N concentrations, amino acid levels, NR and GOGAT activities, and higher NUE in both poplars”
t0“poplar”
e1“saplings of the slow-growing Populus simonii Carr (Ps) and the fast-growing Populus × euramericana Dode (Pe)”
Claim · model-written summary
P, N or NP deprivation increased expression of specified transporter and NR genes in poplar roots and leaves.
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Gene
- PHT1;5, PHT1;9, PHT2;1, AMT2;1 and NRe0
- Outcome
- mRNA levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- during acclimation to P, N or NP deprivatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mRNA levels of PHT1;5, PHT1;9, PHT2;1, AMT2;1 and NR increased in the roots, while PHT1;9, PHO1;H1, PHO2, AMT1;1 and NRT2;1 increased in the leaves during acclimation to P, N or NP deprivation”
t0“poplar”
e1“saplings of the slow-growing Populus simonii Carr (Ps) and the fast-growing Populus × euramericana Dode (Pe)”
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- positive
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper
This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.