Paper · 2015 · Annals of Agricultural Research

Effect of vermicompost and biofertilizer on yield, quality and economics of cowpea

V.M. Khan; Krishna Manohar; Hemlata Verma

7
claims
14
verbatim quotes
7
citations
3
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2012 on loamy sand soil to study the effect of vermicompost and biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of cowpea. The experiment consisted of four treatments of vermicompost (control, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 t ha–1) and four treatment of biofertilizers (control, Rhizobium, PSB and Rhizobium + PSB) thereby making sixteen treatment combinations tested in randomized block design with four replications. Results indicated the application of vermicompost 4.0 t ha–1 maximum and significantly higher the net returns over other treatments and remained at par with 6.0 t ha–1 of vermicompost. However, seed, straw and biological yield, total root nodules and Leghaemoglobin content significantly increased upto 6.0 t ha–1 and remained at par with 4.0 t ha–1 of vermicompost over other treatments. But, application of vermicompost @ 6.0 t ha–1 significantly higher in case of protein content and effective root nodules over other treatments. The nitrogen fixation capacity unchanged under different levels of vermicompost. Results further indicated that seed inoculation with the Rhizobium + PSB significantly higher seed, straw and biological yield, protein content, total root nodules, effective root nodule, leghaemoglobin content, nitrogen capacity and net returns over control and other treatments.

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Claims 7

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Vermicompost at 4.0 t ha–1 gave maximum net returns and was at par with 6.0 t ha–1.

Treatment
vermicompost 4.0 t ha–1e0
Outcome
net returnse0
Direction
highere0
Qualifier
at par with 6.0 t ha–1 of vermicomposte0
Comparator
other treatmentse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“the application of vermicompost 4.0 t ha–1 maximum and significantly higher the net returns over other treatments and remained at par with 6.0 t ha–1 of vermicompost.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 476–642 · show in text ↑
t0

“cowpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 76–82 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Vermicompost at 6.0 t ha–1 increased seed, straw and biological yield compared with other treatments and was at par with 4.0 t ha–1.

Treatment
6.0 t ha–1e0
Outcome
seed, straw and biological yielde0
Direction
increasede0
Qualifier
at par with 4.0 t ha–1e0
Comparator
other treatmentse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“seed, straw and biological yield, total root nodules and Leghaemoglobin content significantly increased upto 6.0 t ha–1 and remained at par with 4.0 t ha–1 of vermicompost over other treatments.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 652–846 · show in text ↑
t0

“cowpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 76–82 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Vermicompost increased total root nodules and leghaemoglobin content up to 6.0 t ha–1.

Treatment
6.0 t ha–1e0
Outcome
total root nodules and Leghaemoglobin contente0
Direction
increasede0
Comparator
other treatmentse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“total root nodules and Leghaemoglobin content significantly increased upto 6.0 t ha–1 and remained at par with 4.0 t ha–1 of vermicompost over other treatments.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 686–846 · show in text ↑
t0

“cowpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 76–82 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Vermicompost at 6.0 t ha–1 raised protein content and effective root nodules over other treatments.

Treatment
vermicompost @ 6.0 t ha–1e0
Outcome
protein content and effective root nodulese0
Direction
highere0
Comparator
other treatmentse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“application of vermicompost @ 6.0 t ha–1 significantly higher in case of protein content and effective root nodules over other treatments.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 852–990 · show in text ↑
t0

“cowpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 76–82 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen fixation capacity was unchanged across vermicompost levels.

Treatment
different levels of vermicomposte0
Outcome
nitrogen fixation capacitye0
Direction
unchangede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The nitrogen fixation capacity unchanged under different levels of vermicompost.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 991–1071 · show in text ↑
t0

“cowpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 76–82 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Rhizobium plus PSB inoculation increased cowpea seed, straw and biological yields over control and other treatments.

Treatment
seed inoculation with the Rhizobium + PSBe0
Interactor
RhizobiumRhizobiume0symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe0symbiont
Outcome
seed, straw and biological yielde0
Direction
highere0
Comparator
control and other treatmentse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Rhizobium
Rhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“seed inoculation with the Rhizobium + PSB significantly higher seed, straw and biological yield, protein content, total root nodules, effective root nodule, leghaemoglobin content, nitrogen capacity and net returns over control and other treatments.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1103–1352 · show in text ↑
t0

“cowpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 76–82 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Rhizobium plus PSB inoculation increased protein content, nodules, leghaemoglobin, nitrogen capacity and net returns.

Treatment
seed inoculation with the Rhizobium + PSBe0
Interactor
RhizobiumRhizobiume0symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe0symbiont
Outcome
protein content, total root nodules, effective root nodule, leghaemoglobin content, nitrogen capacity and net returnse0
Direction
highere0
Comparator
control and other treatmentse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Rhizobium
Rhizobium · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Ninjatacoshell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“seed inoculation with the Rhizobium + PSB significantly higher seed, straw and biological yield, protein content, total root nodules, effective root nodule, leghaemoglobin content, nitrogen capacity and net returns over control and other treatments.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1103–1352 · show in text ↑
t0

“cowpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 76–82 · show in text ↑

Rhizobium · symbiosis · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ

21 papers: 18 positive, 3 negative or no effect

17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. negative

17 papers more in this group

See all 21 papers →

Rhizobium · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree

47 papers: 47 positive, 0 negative or no effect

46 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

43 papers more in this group

See all 47 papers →

inoculation · symbiosis · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ

69 papers: 57 positive, 12 negative or no effect

56 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. negative

65 papers more in this group

See all 69 papers →

inoculation · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ

116 papers: 99 positive, 17 negative or no effect

98 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. no effect

112 papers more in this group

See all 116 papers →

fertilization · symbiosis · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

51 papers: 44 positive, 7 negative or no effect

43 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. negative

47 papers more in this group

See all 51 papers →

fertilization · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

292 papers: 275 positive, 17 negative or no effect

274 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. no effect

288 papers more in this group

See all 292 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.