Abstract
A field experiment was conducted on a silty clay loam soil of Palampur during 201112 and 201213, to study performance of maize (Zea mays L.)-based intercropping systems and their residual effect on wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.] + lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) intercropping under organic conditions. Growth, yield attributes, grain and stover yields of maize were more in sole stand. Intercropping systems resulted in significantly higher grain-maize-equivalent yield than sole stand. Maize + soybean (Glycine max) in both addi- tive and paired series resulted in higher maize-equivalent yield than the other intercrops and resulted in better yield of both maize and soybean crops and proved to be the best intercropping system with a net returns of 68,807 and 65,078 and net returns/rupee invested of 1.13 and 1.08 respectively. However, wheat and lentil on residual basis showed more yield on intercropping treatment than sole maize. Wheat recorded the highest yield when sown under soybean and ricebean treatment both in additive and paired series, whereas lentil recorded the highest grain yield when sown under asparagus bean (Vigna unguiculata sesquipedalis) additive series and was statistically at par with cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] in paired series. The highest available nitrogen was recorded in maize + soybean in paired and additive series, whereas the lowest available nitrogen in sole maize. Among the intercrops, soybean fixed more N followed by ricebean (Vigna umbellata), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and asparagus bean (Vigna unguiculata sesquipedalis). Higher values of available Phosphorus (10.5 kg/ha) and Potassium (228.1 kg/ha) was recorded in sole maize.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Sole maize had greater growth, yield attributes and grain and stover yields.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth, yield attributes, grain and stover yields of maize were more in sole stand”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly increased grain maize equivalent yield over sole stand.
- Treatment
- Intercropping systemse0
- Outcome
- grain-maize-equivalent yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- sole stande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping systems resulted in significantly higher grain-maize-equivalent yield than sole stand”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize plus soybean had higher maize equivalent yield than other intercrops.
- Treatment
- Maize + soybeane0
- Outcome
- maize-equivalent yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- the other intercropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize + soybean (Glycine max) in both addi- tive and paired series resulted in higher maize-equivalent yield than the other intercrops”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize plus soybean produced better yields of both crops.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulted in better yield of both maize and soybean crops”
t0“maize (Zea mays)-based”
e1“Maize + soybean (Glycine max) in both addi- tive and paired series resulted in higher maize-equivalent yield than the other intercrops”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize plus soybean intercropping gave net returns of 68,807 and 65,078 in additive and paired series.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“net returns of 68,807 and 65,078 and net returns/rupee invested of 1.13 and 1.08 respectively”
t0“maize (Zea mays)-based”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize plus soybean gave net returns per rupee invested of 1.13 and 1.08.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“net returns/rupee invested of 1.13 and 1.08 respectively”
t0“maize (Zea mays)-based”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual wheat yield was higher after intercropping than sole maize.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- intercropping treatmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- sole maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat and lentil on residual basis showed more yield on intercropping treatment than sole maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual lentil yield was higher after intercropping than sole maize.
- Taxon
- lentil
Lens culinarise0 - Treatment
- intercropping treatmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- sole maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat and lentil on residual basis showed more yield on intercropping treatment than sole maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield was highest after soybean and ricebean treatments.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- soybean and ricebean treatmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat recorded the highest yield when sown under soybean and ricebean treatment both in additive and paired series”
Claim · model-written summary
Lentil grain yield was highest after asparagus bean additive series.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- asparagus bean (Vigna unguiculata sesquipedalis) additive seriese0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lentil recorded the highest grain yield when sown under asparagus bean (Vigna unguiculata sesquipedalis) additive series”
Claim · model-written summary
Lentil grain yield after cowpea paired series was statistically at par with asparagus bean additive series.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] in paired seriese0
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- at pare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was statistically at par with cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] in paired series”
t0“lentil (Lens culinaris)”
e1“lentil recorded the highest grain yield when sown under asparagus bean (Vigna unguiculata sesquipedalis) additive series”
Claim · model-written summary
Available nitrogen was highest with maize plus soybean and lowest with sole maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest available nitrogen was recorded in maize + soybean in paired and additive series, whereas the lowest available nitrogen in sole maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean fixed more nitrogen than ricebean, cowpea and asparagus bean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Outcome
- fixed more Ne0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- ricebeane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean fixed more N followed by ricebean (Vigna umbellata), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and asparagus bean (Vigna unguiculata sesquipedalis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Available phosphorus was higher in sole maize at 10.5 kg/ha.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher values of available Phosphorus (10.5 kg/ha) and Potassium (228.1 kg/ha) was recorded in sole maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Available potassium was higher in sole maize at 228.1 kg/ha.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher values of available Phosphorus (10.5 kg/ha) and Potassium (228.1 kg/ha) was recorded in sole maize”
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