Abstract
The erratic nature of rainfall in the Kenyan semi arid highland regions, such as Naivasha, coupled with the high dependency on maize grain, usually results in relatively low and unstable yields. Chickpea is mainly cultivated as a rain-fed crop and water stress often affects both productivity and yield stability. Potential seed yield has been reported not to exceed 1.5 t ha 1 in other countries but information on optimum nitrogen and Plant Population Density (PPD) has not been developed for Naivasha region. Therefore, A desi chickpea variety ICCV 97105 was grown in two seasons at NAHRC, KARI (Naivasha). Viz., February 27th-June 24 and June 30th to Oct 26th of 2005; in a RCBD with 4 levels of nitrogen (0; 20; 40 and 60 kg N 1) and 4 planting densities (i.e., 74,074; 89,889; 111,111 and 148,148 seeds ha 1). Maximum above ground biomass obtained was 5.06 and 4.37 tones ha 1 for the first and second seasons, respectively. Application of 60 kg N 1 produced 62 and 68% more biomass (DM) than the no N application treatment. The curvilinear response of above ground biomass to added levels of N with high coefficients of 0.944 and 0.989 in respective seasons signifies the possibility of increasing further chickpea biomass. Maximum grain yields were 2.57 and 1. 66 t ha 1 in season I and II, respectively, a difference of 54.8%. This was attributed to the higher rainfall of 235 mm received in Season I as compared to 176.8 for season II, a difference of 76.2 mm water. The response of above ground biomass and grain yield to increasing PPD was found to be linear with very high regression coefficients of over 0.993 in both seasons. This revealed the strong dependency of chickpea grain yields on PPD. Harvest Indices (HI) ranged between 0.42 and 0.72. Application of 20 kg N 1 produced a HI of about 0.6 and 0.5, in seasons I and II, respectively. Increase in planting population up to approximately 105,000 plants ha 1 was observed to increase the harvest index of chickpea to over 0.6 and 0.41 in seasons I and II, respectively. Further increase in plant density beyond 110,000 plants ha 1, however caused a decline in the rate of increase in HI of chickpea. Chickpea can be successfully grown in Naivasha during February to June and June to October seasons. Further research work is however, recommended with the aim of determining chickpea productivity under higher PPD, various watering regimes and agro-ecological environments
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum above ground biomass of desi chickpea in the first season was 5.06 tonnes per hectare.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Outcome
- Maximum above ground biomasse0
- Value
- 5.06e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“desi chickpea”
e0“Maximum above ground biomass obtained was 5.06 and 4.37 tones ha 1 for the first and second seasons, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum above ground biomass of desi chickpea in the second season was 4.37 tonnes per hectare.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- Maximum above ground biomasse0
- Value
- 4.37 tones ha 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“desi chickpea”
e0“Maximum above ground biomass obtained was 5.06 and 4.37 tones ha 1 for the first and second seasons, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 60 kg N produced 62% more above-ground biomass (DM) in chickpea than no N application in the first season.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Application of 60 kg N 1e0
- Outcome
- biomass (DM)e0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 62e0
- Comparator
- the no N application treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“desi chickpea”
e0“Application of 60 kg N 1 produced 62 and 68% more biomass (DM) than the no N application treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 60 kg N produced 68% more above-ground biomass (DM) in chickpea than no N application in the second season.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Application of 60 kg N 1e0
- Outcome
- biomass (DM)e0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 68%e0
- Comparator
- the no N application treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“desi chickpea”
e0“Application of 60 kg N 1 produced 62 and 68% more biomass (DM) than the no N application treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Above ground biomass of chickpea responded curvilinearly to added levels of N, with high coefficients of 0.944 and 0.989 in the two seasons, which the authors say signifies the possibility of increasing biomass further.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- added levels of Ne0
- Outcome
- above ground biomasse0
- Value
- 0.944 and 0.989e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“desi chickpea”
e0“The curvilinear response of above ground biomass to added levels of N with high coefficients of 0.944 and 0.989 in respective seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum grain yield of chickpea in season I was 2.57 t per hectare.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- Maximum grain yieldse0
- Value
- 2.57e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“desi chickpea”
e0“Maximum grain yields were 2.57 and 1. 66 t ha 1 in season I and II, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum grain yield of chickpea in season II was 1.66 t per hectare.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- Maximum grain yieldse0
- Value
- 1. 66 t ha 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“desi chickpea”
e0“Maximum grain yields were 2.57 and 1. 66 t ha 1 in season I and II, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum grain yield differed between season I and season II of chickpea by 54.8%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Value
- 54.8%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“desi chickpea”
e0“Maximum grain yields were 2.57 and 1. 66 t ha 1 in season I and II, respectively, a difference of 54.8%”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute the higher chickpea grain yield in season I to higher rainfall (235 mm versus 176.8 mm in season II).
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Qualifier
- higher rainfall of 235 mm received in Season I as compared to 176.8 for season IIe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“desi chickpea”
e0“Maximum grain yields were 2.57 and 1. 66 t ha 1 in season I and II, respectively, a difference of 54.8%”
e1“This was attributed to the higher rainfall of 235 mm received in Season I as compared to 176.8 for season II”
Claim · model-written summary
Above ground biomass and grain yield of chickpea responded linearly to increasing plant population density, with regression coefficients over 0.993 in both seasons.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- increasing PPDe0
- Outcome
- above ground biomass and grain yielde0
- Value
- over 0.993e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“desi chickpea”
e0“The response of above ground biomass and grain yield to increasing PPD was found to be linear with very high regression coefficients of over 0.993 in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest indices of chickpea ranged between 0.42 and 0.72.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- Harvest Indices (HI)e0
- Value
- between 0.42 and 0.72e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“desi chickpea”
e0“Harvest Indices (HI) ranged between 0.42 and 0.72”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 20 kg N produced a harvest index of about 0.6 in chickpea in season I.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Application of 20 kg N 1e0
- Outcome
- HIe0
- Value
- about 0.6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“desi chickpea”
e0“Application of 20 kg N 1 produced a HI of about 0.6 and 0.5, in seasons I and II, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 20 kg N produced a harvest index of about 0.5 in chickpea in season II.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Application of 20 kg N 1e0
- Outcome
- HIe0
- Value
- 0.5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“desi chickpea”
e0“Application of 20 kg N 1 produced a HI of about 0.6 and 0.5, in seasons I and II, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing planting population up to approximately 105,000 plants per hectare increased the chickpea harvest index to over 0.6 in season I.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Increase in planting population up to approximately 105,000 plants ha 1e0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- over 0.6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase in planting population up to approximately 105,000 plants ha 1 was observed to increase the harvest index of chickpea to over 0.6 and 0.41 in seasons I and II, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing planting population up to approximately 105,000 plants per hectare increased the chickpea harvest index to over 0.41 in season II.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Increase in planting population up to approximately 105,000 plants ha 1e0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 0.41e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase in planting population up to approximately 105,000 plants ha 1 was observed to increase the harvest index of chickpea to over 0.6 and 0.41 in seasons I and II, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing plant density beyond 110,000 plants per hectare caused a decline in the rate of increase in harvest index of chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Further increase in plant density beyond 110,000 plants ha 1e0
- Outcome
- rate of increase in HIe0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Further increase in plant density beyond 110,000 plants ha 1, however caused a decline in the rate of increase in HI of chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude chickpea can be successfully grown in Naivasha in the February to June and June to October seasons.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Outcome
- successfully growne0
- Setting
- Naivashae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chickpea can be successfully grown in Naivasha during February to June and June to October seasons”
The same questions in other papers
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6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 64 in the opposite direction
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See all 71 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.