Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 1997–98 to 2000–2001 in farmers’ fields at Bhopal on clayey loam medium deep Vertisols, to study the effect of planting densities and improved seeding machines on growth, yield and economics in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The use of improved seeding machines such as seed-cum-fertilizer drill and strip-till seed-cum-fertilizer drill reduced the cost of operation by Rs 935 and Rs 1, 578/ha and increased the net income by Rs 2, 589 and Rs 3, 703/ha, respectively, over the local seed drills used by the farmers. The planting density of 888, 000 plants/achieved by the farmers through sowing at 22.5 cm by use of local seed drill mixing seed and fertilizer together increased the plant height and total dry matter disproportionally, thereby increasing the incidence of pests (32%) and decreasing the branching, filled pods, test weight of seeds and seed yield. Planting density of 440, 000/ha increased the seed yield by 61.6% and the net returns by Rs 6, 669/ha over farmers’ practice. The planting densities at 666, 000/ha and 533, 000/ha produced the intermediate effects.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Seed-cum-fertilizer drill reduced operating cost by Rs 935 relative to local seed drills.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- seed-cum-fertilizer drille0
- Outcome
- cost of operatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- Rs 935e0
- Comparator
- local seed drillse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed-cum-fertilizer drill and strip-till seed-cum-fertilizer drill reduced the cost of operation by Rs 935 and Rs 1, 578/ha”
e1“over the local seed drills used by the farmers”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Strip-till drill reduced operating cost by Rs 1, 578/ha relative to local drills.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- strip-till seed-cum-fertilizer drille0
- Outcome
- cost of operatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- Rs 1, 578/hae0
- Comparator
- local seed drillse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strip-till seed-cum-fertilizer drill reduced the cost of operation by Rs 935 and Rs 1, 578/ha”
e1“over the local seed drills used by the farmers”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed-cum-fertilizer drill increased net income by Rs 2, 589.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- seed-cum-fertilizer drille0
- Outcome
- net incomee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- Rs 2, 589e1
- Comparator
- local seed drillse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed-cum-fertilizer drill and strip-till seed-cum-fertilizer drill”
e1“increased the net income by Rs 2, 589 and Rs 3, 703/ha”
e2“over the local seed drills used by the farmers”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Strip-till drill increased net income by Rs 3, 703/ha.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- strip-till seed-cum-fertilizer drille0
- Outcome
- net incomee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- Rs 3, 703/hae1
- Comparator
- local seed drillse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strip-till seed-cum-fertilizer drill”
e1“increased the net income by Rs 2, 589 and Rs 3, 703/ha”
e2“over the local seed drills used by the farmers”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
The farmers’ high density increased plant height and dry matter disproportionately.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- planting density of 888, 000 plants/e0
- Outcome
- plant height and total dry mattere1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“planting density of 888, 000 plants/achieved by the farmers”
e1“increased the plant height and total dry matter disproportionally”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
The high planting density increased pest incidence to 32%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- planting density of 888, 000 plants/e0
- Interactor
- pestse1pest
- Outcome
- incidence of pestse1
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Value
- 32%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“planting density of 888, 000 plants/”
e1“increasing the incidence of pests (32%)”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
The high density decreased branching, filled pods and seed test weight.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- planting density of 888, 000 plants/e0
- Outcome
- branching, filled pods, test weight of seedse1
- Direction
- decreasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“planting density of 888, 000 plants/”
e1“decreasing the branching, filled pods, test weight of seeds and seed yield”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
The high density decreased seed yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- planting density of 888, 000 plants/e0
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- decreasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“planting density of 888, 000 plants/”
e1“decreasing the branching, filled pods, test weight of seeds and seed yield”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Density of 440, 000/ha raised seed yield by 61.6% over farmer practice.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Planting density of 440, 000/hae0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 61.6%e0
- Comparator
- farmers’ practicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting density of 440, 000/ha increased the seed yield by 61.6% and the net returns by Rs 6, 669/ha over farmers’ practice”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Density of 440, 000/ha raised net returns by Rs 6, 669/ha.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Planting density of 440, 000/hae0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- Rs 6, 669/hae0
- Comparator
- farmers’ practicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting density of 440, 000/ha increased the seed yield by 61.6% and the net returns by Rs 6, 669/ha over farmers’ practice”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Density of 666, 000/ha produced intermediate effects.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 666, 000/hae0
- Outcome
- intermediate effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“planting densities at 666, 000/ha and 533, 000/ha produced the intermediate effects”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Density of 533, 000/ha produced intermediate effects.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 533, 000/hae0
- Outcome
- intermediate effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“planting densities at 666, 000/ha and 533, 000/ha produced the intermediate effects”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
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