Abstract
Abstract The herbicide safener benoxacor (CGA -154281) is effective in protecting corn from metolachlor injury. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity of corn seedlings was stimulated by low concentrations of benoxacor as was the formation of a polar metabolite identified as the glutathione (GSH) conjugate of metolachlor. A similar degree of enhancement of metolachlor metabolism was observed in both a metolachlor-tolerant (’Cargill 7567’) and a metolachlor-susceptible (’Northrup-King 9283’) corn line. The total GSH content of shoots of the metolachlor-susceptible corn hybrid was not affected by benoxacor treatment, but an increase was noted for shoots of the tolerant corn hybrid. The two corn hybrids with differential tolerance to metolachlor also differ in their dose response to benoxacor with higher safener concentrations failing to induce or inhibit GST activity of the tolerant ’Cargill 7567’ corn line. Stimulation of GST activity and a corresponding enhanced rate of metolachlor metabolism can account for the safening effect of benoxacor. These mechanism of action of dichloroacetamide safeners.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Benoxacor protected corn from metolachlor injury.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- benoxacore0
- Outcome
- metolachlor injurye0
- Direction
- protectinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Abstract The herbicide safener benoxacor (CGA -154281) is effective in protecting corn from metolachlor injury.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low benoxacor concentrations stimulated Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- low concentrations of benoxacore0
- Outcome
- Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activitye0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity of corn seedlings was stimulated by low concentrations of benoxacor as was the formation of a polar metabolite identified as the glutathione (GSH) conjugate of metolachlor.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low benoxacor concentrations stimulated formation of a polar metabolite identified as the glutathione (GSH) conjugate of metolachlor.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- low concentrations of benoxacore0
- Outcome
- formation of a polar metabolite identified as the glutathione (GSH) conjugate of metolachlore0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity of corn seedlings was stimulated by low concentrations of benoxacor as was the formation of a polar metabolite identified as the glutathione (GSH) conjugate of metolachlor.”
Claim · model-written summary
Metolachlor metabolism was enhanced in Cargill 7567.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Material
- Cargill 7567e0
- Outcome
- metolachlor metabolisme0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A similar degree of enhancement of metolachlor metabolism was observed in both a metolachlor-tolerant (’Cargill 7567’) and a metolachlor-susceptible (’Northrup-King 9283’) corn line.”
Claim · model-written summary
Metolachlor metabolism was enhanced in Northrup-King 9283.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Material
- Northrup-King 9283e0
- Outcome
- metolachlor metabolisme0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A similar degree of enhancement of metolachlor metabolism was observed in both a metolachlor-tolerant (’Cargill 7567’) and a metolachlor-susceptible (’Northrup-King 9283’) corn line.”
Claim · model-written summary
Benoxacor not affected shoot GSH content in the metolachlor-susceptible corn hybrid.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Material
- metolachlor-susceptible corn hybride0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- benoxacor treatmente0
- Outcome
- total GSH contente0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total GSH content of shoots of the metolachlor-susceptible corn hybrid was not affected by benoxacor treatment, but an increase was noted for shoots of the tolerant corn hybrid.”
Claim · model-written summary
Benoxacor increase shoot GSH content in the tolerant corn hybrid.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Material
- tolerant corn hybride0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- benoxacor treatmente0
- Outcome
- total GSH contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total GSH content of shoots of the metolachlor-susceptible corn hybrid was not affected by benoxacor treatment, but an increase was noted for shoots of the tolerant corn hybrid.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher benoxacor concentrations failed to induce or inhibit GST activity in tolerant Cargill 7567.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Material
- Cargill 7567e0
- Treatment
- higher safener concentrationse0
- Outcome
- GST activitye0
- Direction
- failing to induce or inhibite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two corn hybrids with differential tolerance to metolachlor also differ in their dose response to benoxacor with higher safener concentrations failing to induce or inhibit GST activity of the tolerant ’Cargill 7567’ corn line.”
Claim · model-written summary
GST stimulation and enhanced metolachlor metabolism may explain benoxacor safening.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Gene
- GSTe0
- Outcome
- safening effect of benoxacore0
- Qualifier
- enhanced rate of metolachlor metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stimulation of GST activity and a corresponding enhanced rate of metolachlor metabolism can account for the safening effect of benoxacor.”
t0“Corn”
The same questions in other papers
Benoxacor · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
Benoxacor · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Benoxacor · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.