Abstract
The expression of glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in wheat and maize shoots was investigated in response to treatments with the herbicide safeners benoxacor, cloquintocet-mexyl, fenchlorazole-ethyl, fenclorim, fluxofenim and oxabetrinil. These safeners significantly enhanced the GST activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as a 'standard' substrate, with the exception of oxabetrinil in maize. The enhancements of GST (CDNB) activity were found to be concomitant with increases in V(max) (the reaction rate when the enzyme is fully saturated by the substrate) in wheat following cloquintocet-mexyl and fenchlorazole-ethyl treatments, and in maize following fenchlorazole-ethyl treatment. Otherwise, decreases in V(max) were observed in wheat and maize following fenclorim and fluxofenim treatments. With the exception of oxabetrinil, all the safeners significantly reduced the apparent K(M) (the substrate concentration required for 50% of maximum GST activity) of both wheat and maize GST. The V(max) and K(M) variations following safener treatments are discussed in terms of an increased expression of GST enzymes and an increased affinity for the CDNB substrate. The activity of wheat and maize GST was also assayed towards butachlor and terbuthylazine respectively; the results indicate the ability of cloquintocet-mexyl, fenchlorazole-ethyl and fluxofenim to enhance the enzyme activity in wheat and of benoxacor and fenchlorazole-ethyl to do so in maize.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Most safeners significantly enhanced GST activity in wheat and maize, except oxabetrinil in maize.
- Taxon
- wheat and maize
Triticum aestivum
Zea mayse1 - Treatment
- safenerse0
- Outcome
- GST activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- with the exception of oxabetrinil in maizee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These safeners significantly enhanced the GST activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as a 'standard' substrate, with the exception of oxabetrinil in maize”
e1“decreases in V(max) were observed in wheat and maize following fenclorim and fluxofenim treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Cloquintocet-mexyl and fenchlorazole-ethyl increased wheat GST V(max).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- cloquintocet-mexyl and fenchlorazole-ethyl treatmentse0
- Outcome
- V(max)e0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increases in V(max) (the reaction rate when the enzyme is fully saturated by the substrate) in wheat following cloquintocet-mexyl and fenchlorazole-ethyl treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenchlorazole-ethyl increased maize GST V(max).
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in maize following fenchlorazole-ethyl treatment”
e1“increases in V(max) (the reaction rate when the enzyme is fully saturated by the substrate) in wheat following cloquintocet-mexyl and fenchlorazole-ethyl treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenclorim and fluxofenim decreased GST V(max) in wheat and maize.
- Taxon
- wheat and maizeTriticum aestivumZea mayse0
- Treatment
- fenclorim and fluxofenim treatmentse0
- Outcome
- V(max)e0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreases in V(max) were observed in wheat and maize following fenclorim and fluxofenim treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
All safeners except oxabetrinil significantly reduced apparent GST K(M) in wheat and maize.
- Taxon
- wheat and maizeTriticum aestivumZea mayse0
- Treatment
- all the safenerse0
- Outcome
- apparent K(M)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- With the exception of oxabetrinile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the exception of oxabetrinil, all the safeners significantly reduced the apparent K(M) (the substrate concentration required for 50% of maximum GST activity) of both wheat and maize GST”
Claim · model-written summary
Cloquintocet-mexyl, fenchlorazole-ethyl and fluxofenim enhanced wheat GST activity toward butachlor.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- cloquintocet-mexyl, fenchlorazole-ethyl and fluxofenime0
- Outcome
- enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ability of cloquintocet-mexyl, fenchlorazole-ethyl and fluxofenim to enhance the enzyme activity in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Benoxacor and fenchlorazole-ethyl enhanced maize GST activity toward terbuthylazine.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“of benoxacor and fenchlorazole-ethyl to do so in maize”
e1“These safeners significantly enhanced the GST activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as a 'standard' substrate, with the exception of oxabetrinil in maize”
The same questions in other papers
cloquintocet-mexyl · soil: biology · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
Benoxacor · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.