Paper · 2013 · Annals of Plant Protection Sciences

Field efficacy of fungicides and bio-agents against Alternaria leaf spot of Mung bean

S. K. Maheshwari; Hare Krishna

12
claims
25
verbatim quotes
11
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Under laboratory conditions, out of 13 fungicides, hexaconazole (400 & 300 ppm) completely inhibited the fungal growth of Alternaria alternata and was found as the most effective fungicide. Among 6 bio-agents, Trichoderma viride gave highest fungal growth inhibition (51.7%), followed by T. harzianum (45.3%) and T. virens (41.4%). In field, among 11 fungicides, three sprays of hexaconazole (0.03%) proved most effective fungicide for controlling the disease of mung bean with minimum disease severity (6.3%), minimum disease incidence (13.5%) and maximum grain yield (868.0 kg/ha). Further, the next best fungicides were mancozeb (0.25%) and indofil Z-78 (0.2%). Among 6 bio-agents, T. viride gave highest grain yield (740.0 kg/ha) with minimum disease severity (17.4%) and disease incidence (29.4%), followed by T. harzianum.

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Claims 12

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Under laboratory conditions, hexaconazole (400 & 300 ppm) completely inhibited fungal growth of Alternaria alternata and was the most effective of 13 fungicides.

Taxon
Mung beanVigna radiatat0
Treatment
hexaconazole (400 & 300 ppm)e1
Interactor
Alternaria alternataAlternaria alternatae1pathogen
Outcome
fungal growth of Alternaria alternatae1
Direction
completely inhibitede1
Comparator
13 fungicidese1
Setting
Under laboratory conditionse1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata · TaxonIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Alternaria alternata
Alternaria alternata · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryMarta Hiromi Taniwaki, Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Alternaria leaf spot of Mung bean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–85 · show in text ↑
e1

“Under laboratory conditions, out of 13 fungicides, hexaconazole (400 & 300 ppm) completely inhibited the fungal growth of Alternaria alternata and was found as the most effective fungicide”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–188 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Among 6 bio-agents, Trichoderma viride gave the highest fungal growth inhibition (51.7%).

Taxon
Mung beanVigna radiatat0
Treatment
Trichoderma viridee2
Interactor
Trichoderma virideTrichoderma viridee2biocontrol_agent
Outcome
fungal growth inhibitione2
Direction
higheste2
Value
51.7%e2
Comparator
6 bio-agentse2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata · TaxonIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Trichoderma viride
Trichoderma viride · InteractorKatja Schulz · CC BY 4.0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Alternaria leaf spot of Mung bean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–85 · show in text ↑
e2

“Among 6 bio-agents, Trichoderma viride gave highest fungal growth inhibition (51.7%), followed by T. harzianum (45.3%) and T. virens (41.4%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 190–330 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T. harzianum gave lower fungal growth inhibition than Trichoderma viride, at 45.3%.

Taxon
Mung beanVigna radiatat0
Treatment
T. harzianume2
Interactor
T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume2biocontrol_agent
Outcome
fungal growth inhibitione2
Direction
lowerinferrede2
Value
45.3%e2
Comparator
Trichoderma viridee2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata · TaxonIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Trichoderma harzianum
Trichoderma harzianum · InteractorUS Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, [1] · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Alternaria leaf spot of Mung bean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–85 · show in text ↑
e2

“Among 6 bio-agents, Trichoderma viride gave highest fungal growth inhibition (51.7%), followed by T. harzianum (45.3%) and T. virens (41.4%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 190–330 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T. virens gave lower fungal growth inhibition than Trichoderma viride, at 41.4%.

Taxon
Mung beanVigna radiatat0
Treatment
T. virense2
Interactor
T. virensTrichoderma virense2biocontrol_agent
Outcome
fungal growth inhibitione2
Direction
lowerinferrede2
Value
41.4%e2
Comparator
Trichoderma viridee2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata · TaxonIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Alternaria leaf spot of Mung bean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–85 · show in text ↑
e2

“Among 6 bio-agents, Trichoderma viride gave highest fungal growth inhibition (51.7%), followed by T. harzianum (45.3%) and T. virens (41.4%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 190–330 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In the field, three sprays of hexaconazole (0.03%) were the most effective of 11 fungicides for controlling mung bean disease.

Taxon
Mung beanVigna radiatat0
Treatment
three sprays of hexaconazole (0.03%)e3
Outcome
controlling the disease of mung beane3
Direction
most effectivee3
Comparator
11 fungicidese3
Setting
In fielde3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata · TaxonIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Alternaria leaf spot of Mung bean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–85 · show in text ↑
e3

“In field, among 11 fungicides, three sprays of hexaconazole (0.03%) proved most effective fungicide for controlling the disease of mung bean with minimum disease severity (6.3%), minimum disease incidence (13.5%) and maximum grain yield (868.0 kg/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 332–582 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In the field, three sprays of hexaconazole (0.03%) gave minimum disease severity (6.3%) among 11 fungicides.

Taxon
Mung beanVigna radiatat0
Treatment
three sprays of hexaconazole (0.03%)e3
Outcome
disease severitye3
Direction
minimume3
Value
6.3%e3
Comparator
11 fungicidese3
Setting
In fielde3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata · TaxonIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Alternaria leaf spot of Mung bean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–85 · show in text ↑
e3

“In field, among 11 fungicides, three sprays of hexaconazole (0.03%) proved most effective fungicide for controlling the disease of mung bean with minimum disease severity (6.3%), minimum disease incidence (13.5%) and maximum grain yield (868.0 kg/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 332–582 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In the field, three sprays of hexaconazole (0.03%) gave minimum disease incidence (13.5%) among 11 fungicides.

Taxon
Mung beanVigna radiatat0
Treatment
three sprays of hexaconazole (0.03%)e3
Outcome
disease incidencee3
Direction
minimume3
Value
13.5%e3
Comparator
11 fungicidese3
Setting
In fielde3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata · TaxonIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Alternaria leaf spot of Mung bean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–85 · show in text ↑
e3

“In field, among 11 fungicides, three sprays of hexaconazole (0.03%) proved most effective fungicide for controlling the disease of mung bean with minimum disease severity (6.3%), minimum disease incidence (13.5%) and maximum grain yield (868.0 kg/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 332–582 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In the field, three sprays of hexaconazole (0.03%) gave maximum grain yield (868.0 kg/ha) among 11 fungicides.

Taxon
Mung beanVigna radiatat0
Treatment
three sprays of hexaconazole (0.03%)e3
Outcome
grain yielde3
Direction
maximume3
Value
868.0 kg/hae3
Comparator
11 fungicidese3
Setting
In fielde3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata · TaxonIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Alternaria leaf spot of Mung bean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–85 · show in text ↑
e3

“In field, among 11 fungicides, three sprays of hexaconazole (0.03%) proved most effective fungicide for controlling the disease of mung bean with minimum disease severity (6.3%), minimum disease incidence (13.5%) and maximum grain yield (868.0 kg/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 332–582 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In the field, mancozeb (0.25%) and indofil Z-78 (0.2%) were the next best fungicides after hexaconazole.

Taxon
Mung beanVigna radiatat0
Treatment
mancozeb (0.25%) and indofil Z-78 (0.2%)e4
Outcome
next best fungicidese4
Direction
next beste4
Comparator
11 fungicidese3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata · TaxonIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Alternaria leaf spot of Mung bean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–85 · show in text ↑
e3

“In field, among 11 fungicides, three sprays of hexaconazole (0.03%) proved most effective fungicide for controlling the disease of mung bean with minimum disease severity (6.3%), minimum disease incidence (13.5%) and maximum grain yield (868.0 kg/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 332–582 · show in text ↑
e4

“Further, the next best fungicides were mancozeb (0.25%) and indofil Z-78 (0.2%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 584–663 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Trichoderma viride gave the highest grain yield (740.0 kg/ha) among 6 bio-agents.

Taxon
Mung beanVigna radiatat0
Treatment
T. viridee5
Interactor
T. virideTrichoderma viridee5biocontrol_agent
Outcome
grain yielde5
Direction
higheste5
Value
740.0 kg/hae5
Comparator
6 bio-agentse5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata · TaxonIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Trichoderma viride
Trichoderma viride · InteractorKatja Schulz · CC BY 4.0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Alternaria leaf spot of Mung bean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–85 · show in text ↑
e5

“Among 6 bio-agents, T. viride gave highest grain yield (740.0 kg/ha) with minimum disease severity (17.4%) and disease incidence (29.4%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 665–801 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Trichoderma viride gave the minimum disease severity (17.4%) among 6 bio-agents.

Taxon
Mung beanVigna radiatat0
Treatment
T. viridee5
Interactor
T. virideTrichoderma viridee5biocontrol_agent
Outcome
disease severitye5
Direction
minimume5
Value
17.4%e5
Comparator
6 bio-agentse5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata · TaxonIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Trichoderma viride
Trichoderma viride · InteractorKatja Schulz · CC BY 4.0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Alternaria leaf spot of Mung bean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–85 · show in text ↑
e5

“Among 6 bio-agents, T. viride gave highest grain yield (740.0 kg/ha) with minimum disease severity (17.4%) and disease incidence (29.4%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 665–801 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Trichoderma viride gave the minimum disease incidence (29.4%) among 6 bio-agents.

Taxon
Mung beanVigna radiatat0
Treatment
T. viridee5
Interactor
T. virideTrichoderma viridee5biocontrol_agent
Outcome
disease incidencee5
Direction
minimume5
Value
29.4%e5
Comparator
6 bio-agentse5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata · TaxonIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Trichoderma viride
Trichoderma viride · InteractorKatja Schulz · CC BY 4.0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Alternaria leaf spot of Mung bean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–85 · show in text ↑
e5

“Among 6 bio-agents, T. viride gave highest grain yield (740.0 kg/ha) with minimum disease severity (17.4%) and disease incidence (29.4%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 665–801 · show in text ↑

Trichoderma virens · disease · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

4 papers: 3 positive, 1 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
  3. positive
See all 4 papers →

Trichoderma harzianum · disease · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

3 papers: 3 positive, 0 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
See all 3 papers →

hexaconazole · disease · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

3 papers: 3 positive, 0 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
See all 3 papers →

Trichoderma viride · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

5 papers: 5 positive, 0 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

1 paper more in this group

See all 5 papers →

Trichoderma viride · disease · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

5 papers: 5 positive, 0 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

1 paper more in this group

See all 5 papers →

hexaconazole · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

7 papers: 7 positive, 0 negative or no effect

6 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

3 papers more in this group

See all 7 papers →

application · disease · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

20 papers: 16 positive, 4 negative or no effect

15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

16 papers more in this group

See all 20 papers →

application · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

216 papers: 209 positive, 7 negative or no effect

208 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. negative

212 papers more in this group

See all 216 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.