Abstract
ABSTRACT Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) in Mediterranean regions is highly variable in end‐use quality at the producer level. This study aimed to understand how sowing date affects wheat quality, especially gluten index (GI). Experiments were conducted in five fields over three consecutive seasons in 2009–2011. Twenty cultivars (four of which were common to all experiments) were sown from late October to mid‐January on three dates (early, normal, and late) in each field. Grain yield, test weight, protein content, GI, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sedimentation, and alveograph parameters were analyzed. The GI of the four common cultivars showed a significant environment (experiment) × cultivar × sowing date interaction. In two experiments, GI increased with a delay in sowing; in two other experiments, a similar increase resulted from delaying sowing from the early to normal sowing dates but there was no further increase following late sowing or in one experiment where GI was unaffected by sowing date. Hence, delayed sowing mostly increased GI, except where weed or severe drought stress prevailed. Similarly, dough tenacity increased with delayed sowing. A high correlation was found among grain protein, wet gluten contents, SDS sedimentation, and alveograph index. Wheat GI was not a good predictor of quality and did not correlate with other parameters, whereas flour GI showed better correlations. Hence, we suggest delaying sowing (from late October to mid‐January) to increase GI and that GI should be used with caution as a quality predictor. Instead of GI, using different methods may improve the determination of wheat quality.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Gluten index showed a significant environment by cultivar by sowing date interaction.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The GI of the four common cultivars showed a significant environment (experiment) × cultivar × sowing date interaction”
Claim · model-written summary
Gluten index increased with delayed sowing in two experiments.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- delay in sowinge0
- Outcome
- GIe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- In two experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In two experiments, GI increased with a delay in sowing”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
In two other experiments, gluten index increased from early to normal sowing, with no further increase at late sowing.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- delaying sowinge0
- Outcome
- GIe2
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- there was no further increase following late sowinge0
- Comparator
- early to normal sowing datese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in two other experiments, a similar increase resulted from delaying sowing from the early to normal sowing dates but there was no further increase following late sowing”
t0“Wheat”
e2“The GI of the four common cultivars showed a significant environment (experiment) × cultivar × sowing date interaction”
Claim · model-written summary
Gluten index was unaffected by sowing date in one experiment.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sowing datee0
- Outcome
- GIe0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in one experiment where GI was unaffected by sowing date”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Dough tenacity increased with delayed sowing.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- delayed sowinge0
- Outcome
- dough tenacitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dough tenacity increased with delayed sowing”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain protein, wet gluten, SDS sedimentation, and alveograph index were highly correlated.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- grain protein, wet gluten contents, SDS sedimentation, and alveograph indexe0
- Comparator
- wet gluten contentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A high correlation was found among grain protein, wet gluten contents, SDS sedimentation, and alveograph index”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat gluten index did not correlate with other quality parameters and was a poor quality predictor.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- predictor of qualitye0
- Comparator
- other parameterse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat GI was not a good predictor of quality and did not correlate with other parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Flour gluten index had better correlations.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- correlationse0
- Value
- better correlationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“flour GI showed better correlations”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest delaying wheat sowing to increase gluten index.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- delaying sowing (from late October to mid‐January) to increase GIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we suggest delaying sowing (from late October to mid‐January) to increase GI”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise caution when using gluten index to predict quality.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- GI should be used with caution as a quality predictore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GI should be used with caution as a quality predictor”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest other methods to improve wheat quality determination.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- using different methods may improve the determination of wheat qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using different methods may improve the determination of wheat quality”
The same questions in other papers
sowing time · quality: protein · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
39 papers more in this group
See all 43 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.