Paper · 2015 · Weed Technology

Spring- and Fall-Seeded Radish Cover-Crop Effects on Weed Management in Corn

Miriam F. Gieske; Donald L. Wyse; Beverly R. Durgan

7
claims
7
verbatim quotes
3
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Weeds often limit productivity of organic cropping systems. Radish is a fast-growing, potentially allelopathic cover crop that has the potential to improve weed management in organic systems. To evaluate the effect of radish on density, cover, and biomass of weeds in organically managed corn, 2-yr field experiments were conducted over 4 site years. Four cover-crop planting treatments (fall-only, spring-only, fall + spring, and no cover) were tested in factorial with three cultivation treatments (standard [three to four passes], false seedbed [standard with a false seedbed], and reduced [two passes]). All plots were tilled before planting. Shoot biomass averaged 3,057 kg ha −1 for fall-seeded radish and 385 kg ha −1 for spring-seeded radish. Radish cover crops generally did not improve management of weeds during the corn growing season. However, in the absence of a false seedbed, fall-seeded radish reduced field pennycress density from 9 to < 1 plant m −2 and horseweed density from 6 to 2 plants m −2 in spring in site years where these weeds were present. Fall-seeded radish also reduced cover of summer annual weeds during the fall cover-crop growing season from 4 to 0% in 1 site year, preventing these weeds from setting seed. Radish cover crops did not affect corn grain yield.

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Claims 7

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fall-seeded radish produced 3,057 kg ha −1 shoot biomass.

Outcome
Shoot biomasse0
Value
3,057 kg ha −1e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Raphanus sativus
Raphanus sativus · TaxonSelf, en:User:Jengod · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Shoot biomass averaged 3,057 kg ha −1 for fall-seeded radish”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 647–707 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Spring-seeded radish produced 385 kg ha −1 shoot biomass.

Outcome
385 kg ha −1e0
Value
385 kg ha −1e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Raphanus sativus
Raphanus sativus · TaxonSelf, en:User:Jengod · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“385 kg ha −1 for spring-seeded radish”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 712–749 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Radish cover crops generally did not improve weed management during corn growth.

Treatment
Radish cover cropse0
Interactor
weedse0weed
Outcome
management of weedse0
Direction
did not improvee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Radish cover crops generally did not improve management of weeds during the corn growing season”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 751–846 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fall-seeded radish reduced spring field pennycress density from 9 to less than one plant m −2 without a false seedbed.

Treatment
fall-seeded radishe0
Interactor
field pennycressThlaspi arvensee0weed
Outcome
field pennycress densitye0
Direction
reducede0
Value
< 1 plant m −2e0
Qualifier
from 9 to < 1 plant m −2e0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Thlaspi arvense
Thlaspi arvense · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryRyan Hodnett · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“in the absence of a false seedbed, fall-seeded radish reduced field pennycress density from 9 to < 1 plant m −2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 857–968 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fall-seeded radish reduced spring horseweed density from 6 to 2 plants m −2.

Interactor
horseweedErigeron canadensise0weed
Outcome
horseweed densitye0
Value
2 plants m −2e0

Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Erigeron canadensis
Erigeron canadensis · InteractorAndrey Zharkikh from Salt Lake City, USA · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“horseweed density from 6 to 2 plants m −2 in spring”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 973–1024 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fall-seeded radish reduced summer annual weed cover from 4 to 0% in one site year.

Treatment
Fall-seeded radishe0
Interactor
summer annual weedse0weed
Outcome
cover of summer annual weedse0
Direction
reducede0
Value
0%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Raphanus sativus
Raphanus sativus · TaxonSelf, en:User:Jengod · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Fall-seeded radish also reduced cover of summer annual weeds during the fall cover-crop growing season from 4 to 0% in 1 site year”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1071–1201 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Radish cover crops did not affect corn grain yield.

Treatment
Radish cover cropse0
Outcome
corn grain yielde0
Direction
did not affecte0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Radish cover crops did not affect corn grain yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1245–1295 · show in text ↑

Raphanus sativus · weed · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

2 papers: 1 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

Raphanus sativus · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

26 papers: 18 positive, 8 negative or no effect

7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. positive

22 papers more in this group

See all 26 papers →

cover crop · weed · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

48 papers: 36 positive, 12 negative or no effect

11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 36 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

44 papers more in this group

See all 48 papers →

cover crop · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

222 papers: 104 positive, 118 negative or no effect

117 papers in the same direction as this paper · 104 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. positive

218 papers more in this group

See all 222 papers →

sowing time · weed · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree

3 papers: 3 positive, 0 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
See all 3 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.