Abstract
Laboratory and pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Trichoderma viride, VA mycorrhiza and dry yeast, separately and in combination, as an integrated strategy of Rhizoctonia disease management in potato crop. The challenge inoculation with T. viride caused a significant reduction in vitro in the linear growth of Rhizoctonia solani, particularly when it was performed closer to the time of pathogen inoculation. With the exception of the number of stems, yield and growth attributes of potato plants infected with R. solani were significantly affected. T. viride application significantly increased the growth components (i.e., plant height, shoot fresh and dry weights, root fresh and dry weights) and tuber yield (i.e., number and weight of tubers) compared to potato plants inoculated with R. solani alone. Moreover, the disease incidence and severity, as stem canker or black scurf on progeny tubers, were also significantly alleviated by T. viride inoculation. Similarly, VA mycorrhiza enhanced both the growth and yield measurements of Rhizoctonia-inoculated potato plants and significantly reduced the harmful effects of the disease. The dry yeast appeared to be the least efficacious biocontrol agent to Rhizoctonia compared to the other two organisms; yet it also significantly improved the disease situation of the infected plants. The combined effect of T. viride and VA mycorrhiza with or without yeast excelled other treatments in alleviation of almost all tested facets of the disease development.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Challenge inoculation with T. viride significantly reduced in vitro linear growth of Rhizoctonia solani.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume0 - Treatment
- challenge inoculation with T. viridee1
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanie1pathogen - Second interactor
- T. viride
Trichoderma viridee1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- linear growth of Rhizoctonia solanie1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Setting
- in vitroe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as an integrated strategy of Rhizoctonia disease management in potato crop”
e1“The challenge inoculation with T. viride caused a significant reduction in vitro in the linear growth of Rhizoctonia solani, particularly when it was performed closer to the time of pathogen inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
T. viride application significantly increased plant height and shoot fresh and dry weights of potato compared with plants inoculated with R. solani alone.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Treatment
- T. viride applicatione2
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie2pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. virideTrichoderma viridee2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plant height, shoot fresh and dry weightse2
- Direction
- significantly increasede2
- Comparator
- potato plants inoculated with R. solani alonee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“T. viride application significantly increased the growth components (i.e., plant height, shoot fresh and dry weights, root fresh and dry weights) and tuber yield (i.e., number and weight of tubers) compared to potato plants inoculated with R. solani alone”
Claim · model-written summary
T. viride application significantly increased root fresh and dry weights of potato compared with plants inoculated with R. solani alone.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Treatment
- T. viride applicatione2
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie2pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. virideTrichoderma viridee2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root fresh and dry weightse2
- Direction
- significantly increasede2
- Comparator
- potato plants inoculated with R. solani alonee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“T. viride application significantly increased the growth components (i.e., plant height, shoot fresh and dry weights, root fresh and dry weights) and tuber yield (i.e., number and weight of tubers) compared to potato plants inoculated with R. solani alone”
Claim · model-written summary
T. viride application significantly increased potato tuber yield, in number and weight of tubers, compared with plants inoculated with R. solani alone.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Treatment
- T. viride applicatione2
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie2pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. virideTrichoderma viridee2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- tuber yielde2
- Direction
- significantly increasede2
- Qualifier
- number and weight of tuberse2
- Comparator
- potato plants inoculated with R. solani alonee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“T. viride application significantly increased the growth components (i.e., plant height, shoot fresh and dry weights, root fresh and dry weights) and tuber yield (i.e., number and weight of tubers) compared to potato plants inoculated with R. solani alone”
Claim · model-written summary
T. viride inoculation significantly alleviated disease incidence and severity of stem canker and black scurf on progeny potato tubers.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- T. viride inoculatione3
- Interactor
- T. virideTrichoderma viridee3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease incidence and severitye3
- Direction
- alleviatede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as an integrated strategy of Rhizoctonia disease management in potato crop”
e3“Moreover, the disease incidence and severity, as stem canker or black scurf on progeny tubers, were also significantly alleviated by T. viride inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
VA mycorrhiza enhanced growth and yield measurements of Rhizoctonia-inoculated potato plants.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume4
- Treatment
- VA mycorrhizae4
- Interactor
- VA mycorrhizae4symbiont
- Second interactor
- Rhizoctonia
.jpg?width=60)
Rhizoctoniae4pathogen - Outcome
- growth and yield measurementse4
- Direction
- enhancede4
- Comparator
- Rhizoctonia-inoculated potato plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e4“VA mycorrhiza enhanced both the growth and yield measurements of Rhizoctonia-inoculated potato plants and significantly reduced the harmful effects of the disease”
Claim · model-written summary
VA mycorrhiza significantly reduced the harmful effects of Rhizoctonia disease on potato.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume4
- Treatment
- VA mycorrhizae4
- Interactor
- VA mycorrhizae4symbiont
- Outcome
- harmful effects of the diseasee4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“VA mycorrhiza enhanced both the growth and yield measurements of Rhizoctonia-inoculated potato plants and significantly reduced the harmful effects of the disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry yeast was the least efficacious biocontrol agent against Rhizoctonia compared with T. viride and VA mycorrhiza.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- dry yeaste5
- Interactor
- RhizoctoniaRhizoctoniae5pathogen
- Second interactor
- dry yeaste5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- least efficacious biocontrol agente5
- Direction
- least efficaciouse5
- Comparator
- the other two organismse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rhizoctonia Disease of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e5“The dry yeast appeared to be the least efficacious biocontrol agent to Rhizoctonia compared to the other two organisms”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry yeast significantly improved the disease situation of infected potato plants.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- dry yeaste5
- Outcome
- disease situatione6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Comparator
- infected plantse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rhizoctonia Disease of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e5“The dry yeast appeared to be the least efficacious biocontrol agent to Rhizoctonia compared to the other two organisms”
e6“yet it also significantly improved the disease situation of the infected plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined T. viride and VA mycorrhiza treatment, with or without yeast, excelled other treatments in alleviating almost all tested facets of potato Rhizoctonia disease.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- T. viride and VA mycorrhiza with or without yeaste7
- Interactor
- T. virideTrichoderma viridee7biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- VA mycorrhizae7symbiont
- Outcome
- alleviation of almost all tested facets of the disease developmente7
- Direction
- excellede7
- Comparator
- other treatmentse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rhizoctonia Disease of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e7“The combined effect of T. viride and VA mycorrhiza with or without yeast excelled other treatments in alleviation of almost all tested facets of the disease development”
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