Abstract
Heavy metal contamination leads to variety of harmful effects on soil and plant characteristics. In order to reduce the toxic effects of such substances, an experiment was conducted by FYM, N, NPK, FYM + NPK and FYM + N amendments in the soil from an area irrigated by waste water for more than 20 years. Soil and plant characteristics were compared between fertilizer (FYM, NPK, N and FYM + N, FYM + NPK) amended and non-amended control soil. As compared to the control, plants under FYM and FYM + NPK amendments showed lower accumulation of heavy metals and higher yield. Plants grown in NPK and N amended soil showed higher concentrations of heavy metals and lower yield compared to the control. Higher uptake of heavy metals in plants under NPK and N amendments, led to increase in the antioxidants enzymes, but reductions in photosynthesis rate, growth and yield. The results suggest that the application of FYM alone and in combination with inorganic fertilizers may be recommended as cost effective technique for reducing the availability of heavy metals in waste water irrigated soil.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
FYM produced lower plant accumulation of heavy metals than the control.
Verbatim
e0“As compared to the control, plants under FYM and FYM + NPK amendments showed lower accumulation of heavy metals and higher yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM produced higher plant yield than the control.
Verbatim
e0“As compared to the control, plants under FYM and FYM + NPK amendments showed lower accumulation of heavy metals and higher yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM + NPK produced lower plant accumulation of heavy metals than the control.
Verbatim
e0“As compared to the control, plants under FYM and FYM + NPK amendments showed lower accumulation of heavy metals and higher yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM + NPK produced higher plant yield than the control.
Verbatim
e0“As compared to the control, plants under FYM and FYM + NPK amendments showed lower accumulation of heavy metals and higher yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK produced higher plant concentrations of heavy metals than the control.
Verbatim
e0“Plants grown in NPK and N amended soil showed higher concentrations of heavy metals and lower yield compared to the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK produced lower plant yield than the control.
Verbatim
e0“Plants grown in NPK and N amended soil showed higher concentrations of heavy metals and lower yield compared to the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
N produced higher plant concentrations of heavy metals than the control.
Verbatim
e0“Plants grown in NPK and N amended soil showed higher concentrations of heavy metals and lower yield compared to the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
N produced lower plant yield than the control.
Verbatim
e0“Plants grown in NPK and N amended soil showed higher concentrations of heavy metals and lower yield compared to the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher metal uptake under NPK and N was linked to increase in antioxidants enzymes.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- NPK and N amendmentse0
- Outcome
- antioxidants enzymese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Verbatim
e0“Higher uptake of heavy metals in plants under NPK and N amendments, led to increase in the antioxidants enzymes, but reductions in photosynthesis rate, growth and yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher metal uptake under NPK and N was linked to reductions in photosynthesis rate.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- NPK and N amendmentse0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis ratee0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Verbatim
e0“Higher uptake of heavy metals in plants under NPK and N amendments, led to increase in the antioxidants enzymes, but reductions in photosynthesis rate, growth and yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher metal uptake under NPK and N was linked to reductions in growth.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- NPK and N amendmentse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Verbatim
e0“Higher uptake of heavy metals in plants under NPK and N amendments, led to increase in the antioxidants enzymes, but reductions in photosynthesis rate, growth and yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend FYM alone or with inorganic fertilizers to reduce heavy-metal availability in wastewater-irrigated soil.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Treatment
- FYM alone and in combination with inorganic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- reducing the availability of heavy metalse0
Verbatim
e0“The results suggest that the application of FYM alone and in combination with inorganic fertilizers may be recommended as cost effective technique for reducing the availability of heavy metals in waste water irrigated soil.”
e1“As compared to the control, plants under FYM and FYM + NPK amendments showed lower accumulation of heavy metals and higher yield.”
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See all 27 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.