Abstract
In order to investigate the likely allelopathic potential of an aqueous extract and powder of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) on the germination and seedling growth of pea (Cicer arietinum ), safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L. ) and wheat ( Triticum sativum ), an experiment was carried out at the laboratory and greenhouse of agriculture faculty of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran, from October 2009 to March 2010. A completely randomized design with three replicates using five extract concentrations of lemon balm plant including 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 g l -1 and four amounts of lemon balm powder including 0, 7.5, 15 and 30 g 2kg -1 of soil was employed in laboratory and greenhouse experiments respectively. All extract concentrations of lemon balm except 25 g l -1 inhibited pea and wheat seed germination significantly, but had no inhibitory effect on germination of safflower. The powder of mature lemon balm plants affected the fresh and dry weight and shoots elongation in these crops negatively compared with the control in all levels. Therefore use of this plant should be prevented in rotation or intercropping with these three crop plants. Further research conducted in the analytical laboratory as well as in the field is needed before a practical application of the extract and powder as weed inhibiting agent can be recommended.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Lemon balm extract at all concentrations except 25 g/l significantly inhibited pea seed germination.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse0e1 - Treatment
- extract concentrations of lemon balme1
- Interactor
- lemon balme1other
- Outcome
- seed germinatione1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Qualifier
- except 25 g l -1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination and seedling growth of pea (Cicer arietinum ), safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L. ) and wheat ( Triticum sativum )”
e1“All extract concentrations of lemon balm except 25 g l -1 inhibited pea and wheat seed germination significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Lemon balm extract at all concentrations except 25 g/l significantly inhibited wheat seed germination.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0e1 - Treatment
- extract concentrations of lemon balme1
- Interactor
- lemon balme1other
- Outcome
- seed germinatione1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Qualifier
- except 25 g l -1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination and seedling growth of pea (Cicer arietinum ), safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L. ) and wheat ( Triticum sativum )”
e1“All extract concentrations of lemon balm except 25 g l -1 inhibited pea and wheat seed germination significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Lemon balm extract had no inhibitory effect on safflower seed germination.
- Taxon
- safflower
Carthamus tinctoriuse0 - Treatment
- extract concentrations of lemon balme1
- Interactor
- lemon balme1other
- Outcome
- germinatione2
- Direction
- no inhibitory effecte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination and seedling growth of pea (Cicer arietinum ), safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L. ) and wheat ( Triticum sativum )”
e1“All extract concentrations of lemon balm except 25 g l -1 inhibited pea and wheat seed germination significantly”
e2“but had no inhibitory effect on germination of safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Lemon balm powder negatively affected fresh weight, dry weight and shoot elongation of pea compared with the control at all levels.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- powder of mature lemon balm plantse3
- Interactor
- lemon balme3other
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weight and shoots elongatione3
- Direction
- negativelye3
- Qualifier
- in all levelse3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination and seedling growth of pea (Cicer arietinum ), safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L. ) and wheat ( Triticum sativum )”
e3“The powder of mature lemon balm plants affected the fresh and dry weight and shoots elongation in these crops negatively compared with the control in all levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Lemon balm powder negatively affected fresh weight, dry weight and shoot elongation of safflower compared with the control at all levels.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- powder of mature lemon balm plantse3
- Interactor
- lemon balme3other
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weight and shoots elongatione3
- Direction
- negativelye3
- Qualifier
- in all levelse3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination and seedling growth of pea (Cicer arietinum ), safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L. ) and wheat ( Triticum sativum )”
e3“The powder of mature lemon balm plants affected the fresh and dry weight and shoots elongation in these crops negatively compared with the control in all levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Lemon balm powder negatively affected fresh weight, dry weight and shoot elongation of wheat compared with the control at all levels.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- powder of mature lemon balm plantse3
- Interactor
- lemon balme3other
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weight and shoots elongatione3
- Direction
- negativelye3
- Qualifier
- in all levelse3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination and seedling growth of pea (Cicer arietinum ), safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L. ) and wheat ( Triticum sativum )”
e3“The powder of mature lemon balm plants affected the fresh and dry weight and shoots elongation in these crops negatively compared with the control in all levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Lemon balm should not be used in rotation or intercropping with pea, safflower or wheat.
Verbatim
t0“Allelopathic Effect of Lemon Balm”
e4“use of this plant should be prevented in rotation or intercropping with these three crop plants”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · growth · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →botanical · growth · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 37 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
58 papers more in this group
See all 62 papers →botanical · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
228 papers in the same direction as this paper · 206 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
431 papers more in this group
See all 435 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.