Abstract
A project was conducted to develop a new on-farm storage technique for rough rice at a temperature below freezing point by using renewable energy from fresh chilly air in winter. One thousand tons of rough rice was stored in two on-farm silos from the end of November and it was aerated through (rough rice) from bottom to top of the silos for 91 hours in January. The rough rice temperature in the silo fell below freezing point (minus 1.5oC on average). At the end of the storage period (end of July in the next year after harvesting) the temperature of rough rice in the center of the silo was still below freezing point (minus 0.5oC). The quality of the rice stored below freezing point was preserved at a level similar to that of freshly harvested rice. A combination of rice storage at a temperature below freezing point and utilization of renewable energy from fresh chilly air in winter enables the quality of rice to be preserved at a high level without the requirement of a cooling system or electricity. The new technique for storing rough rice below freezing point was named as super-low-temperature storage system. The use of this storage technique in cold regions of Japan has been increasing in recent years. In Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan, 28 rice grain elevators have been constructed for super-low-temperature storage since 1996. The storage capacity of rough rice in Hokkaido was 124,000 t at the end of 2007. INTRODUCTION The temperature and moisture content of rice grains greatly affect the quality of rice during storage. In Japan, the moisture content of brown rice during storage is maintained at a level of 16% (w.b., 10 g, whole-grain, 135°C, 24 h). There are two commercial brown rice storage systems in Japan: an environment-temperature storage system, in which the temperature during storage is not controlled, and a low-temperature storage system, in which the temperature is maintained below 15°C during storage. The low-temperature storage system minimizes insect activities and mold growth, and fumigants are therefore not required during storage. However, this system requires electricity to cool the stored brown rice. The total capacity of brown rice storage
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Winter-air aeration lowered rough-rice silo temperature below freezing to minus 1.5oC on average.
- Taxon
- rough ricee0
- Treatment
- fresh chilly air in wintert0
- Outcome
- rough rice temperaturee0
- Direction
- felle0
- Value
- minus 1.5oCe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The rough rice temperature in the silo fell below freezing point (minus 1.5oC on average).”
t0“ROUGH RICE STORAGE BELOW FREEZING POINT BY USING RENEWABLE ENERGY FROM FRESH CHILLY AIR IN WINTER”
Claim · model-written summary
Rough rice at the silo center remained below freezing at the end of storage.
Verbatim
e0“At the end of the storage period (end of July in the next year after harvesting) the temperature of rough rice in the center of the silo was still below freezing point (minus 0.5oC).”
Claim · model-written summary
Below-freezing rice storage preserved quality similarly to freshly harvested rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- stored below freezing pointe0
- Outcome
- quality of the ricee0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- freshly harvested ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The quality of the rice stored below freezing point was preserved at a level similar to that of freshly harvested rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold-air storage can preserve rice quality without cooling equipment or electricity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- utilization of renewable energy from fresh chilly air in wintere0
- Outcome
- quality of rice to be preserved at a high levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A combination of rice storage at a temperature below freezing point and utilization of renewable energy from fresh chilly air in winter enables the quality of rice to be preserved at a high level without the requirement of a cooling system or electricity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Use of super-low-temperature storage is increasing in cold regions of Japan.
Verbatim
e0“The use of this storage technique in cold regions of Japan has been increasing in recent years.”
t0“ROUGH RICE STORAGE BELOW FREEZING POINT BY USING RENEWABLE ENERGY FROM FRESH CHILLY AIR IN WINTER”
Claim · model-written summary
Hokkaido had 28 grain elevators built for this storage since 1996.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- rice grain elevators have been constructede0
- Value
- 28 rice grain elevatorse0
- Setting
- Hokkaidoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan, 28 rice grain elevators have been constructed for super-low-temperature storage since 1996.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hokkaido rough-rice storage capacity reached 124,000 t at end of 2007.
Verbatim
e0“The storage capacity of rough rice in Hokkaido was 124,000 t at the end of 2007.”
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