Abstract
Germination studies indicated that increasing priming duration (-1.0 MPa at 20 °C for 7, 14, or 21 days) increased `Moss Curled' parsley [ Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A.W. Hill] germination rate quadratically and seed moisture content linearly. A histological and anatomical study was conducted to identify and/or quantify principle mericarp organ or tissue volume changes influenced by priming duration. Embryo volume increased as priming duration increased from 7 to 21 days (0.014 to 0.034 mm 3 ), and this was due more to radicle (0.007 to 0.022 mm 3 ) than to cotyledon (0.006 to 0.011 mm 3 ) growth. Concomitant with increased embryo volume was increased volume of the depleted layer (space formation, surrounding the embryo), from 0.038 after 7 days to 0.071 mm 3 after 21 days, and increased hydrolysis of central endosperm (a thick-walled endosperm type). In nonprimed mericarps, central endosperm cells constituted 97% of the endosperm volume. The remaining 3% was comprised of 1% depleted layer and 2% distal endosperm (small, thin-walled, and irregularly shaped endosperm cells). During 7 or 21 days of priming, ≈10% or 40%, respectively, of central endosperm cells were hydrolyzed centrifugally around the embryo with a corresponding decrease in volume of central endosperm with thick cell walls. In addition, distal endosperm cells adjacent to the depleted layer, containing reserve materials, were digested of contents following 21 days priming, and sometimes, following 7 days priming. A long priming duration resulted in degradation of pericarp tissues, as indicated visually and by a decline in pericarp volume. We hypothesize that priming duration of parsley primarily influences radicle growth and centrifugal digestion and utilization of central and distal endosperm, resulting in a larger depleted layer required for embryo volume increases. Secondary events influenced by priming duration include cotyledon growth and degradation of pericarp tissues.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing priming duration increased parsley germination rate quadratically.
- Taxon
- Parsley
Petroselinum crispumt0 - Material
- `Moss Curled'e0
- Treatment
- increasing priming duration (-1.0 MPa at 20 °C for 7, 14, or 21 days)e0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- quadraticallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing priming duration (-1.0 MPa at 20 °C for 7, 14, or 21 days) increased `Moss Curled' parsley [ Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A.W. Hill] germination rate quadratically”
t0“Parsley”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing priming duration increased seed moisture content linearly.
- Taxon
- ParsleyPetroselinum crispumt0
- Outcome
- seed moisture contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- linearlye0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased `Moss Curled' parsley [ Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A.W. Hill] germination rate quadratically and seed moisture content linearly”
t0“Parsley”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryo volume rose from 0.014 to 0.034 mm 3 as priming increased from 7 to 21 days.
- Taxon
- ParsleyPetroselinum crispumt0
- Treatment
- priming duratione0
- Outcome
- Embryo volumee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.014 to 0.034 mm 3e0
- Comparator
- 7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Embryo volume increased as priming duration increased from 7 to 21 days (0.014 to 0.034 mm 3 )”
t0“Parsley”
Claim · model-written summary
Radicle volume rose from 0.007 to 0.022 mm 3.
- Taxon
- ParsleyPetroselinum crispumt0
- Outcome
- radiclee0
- Direction
- growthe0
- Value
- 0.007 to 0.022 mm 3e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“radicle (0.007 to 0.022 mm 3 ) than to cotyledon (0.006 to 0.011 mm 3 ) growth”
t0“Parsley”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotyledon volume rose from 0.006 to 0.011 mm 3.
- Taxon
- ParsleyPetroselinum crispumt0
- Outcome
- cotyledone0
- Direction
- growthe0
- Value
- 0.006 to 0.011 mm 3e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotyledon (0.006 to 0.011 mm 3 ) growth”
t0“Parsley”
Claim · model-written summary
Depleted layer volume increased from 0.038 to 0.071 mm 3.
- Taxon
- ParsleyPetroselinum crispumt0
- Outcome
- volume of the depleted layere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.071 mm 3e0
- Comparator
- 7 dayse0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased volume of the depleted layer (space formation, surrounding the embryo), from 0.038 after 7 days to 0.071 mm 3 after 21 days”
t0“Parsley”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming increased central endosperm hydrolysis.
- Taxon
- ParsleyPetroselinum crispumt0
- Outcome
- hydrolysis of central endosperme0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased hydrolysis of central endosperm”
t0“Parsley”
Claim · model-written summary
Central endosperm cells made up 97% of nonprimed endosperm volume.
- Taxon
- ParsleyPetroselinum crispumt0
- Outcome
- central endosperm cellse0
- Value
- 97%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In nonprimed mericarps, central endosperm cells constituted 97% of the endosperm volume”
t0“Parsley”
Claim · model-written summary
The depleted layer made up 1% of nonprimed endosperm volume.
- Taxon
- ParsleyPetroselinum crispumt0
- Outcome
- depleted layere0
- Value
- 1%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1% depleted layer”
t0“Parsley”
Claim · model-written summary
Distal endosperm made up 2% of nonprimed endosperm volume.
- Taxon
- ParsleyPetroselinum crispumt0
- Outcome
- distal endosperme0
- Value
- 2%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2% distal endosperm”
t0“Parsley”
Claim · model-written summary
About 10% of central endosperm cells were hydrolyzed after seven days of priming.
- Taxon
- ParsleyPetroselinum crispumt0
- Outcome
- central endosperm cells were hydrolyzede0
- Value
- ≈10%e0
- Qualifier
- 7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During 7 or 21 days of priming, ≈10% or 40%, respectively, of central endosperm cells were hydrolyzed centrifugally around the embryo”
t0“Parsley”
Claim · model-written summary
About 40% of central endosperm cells were hydrolyzed after 21 days of priming.
- Taxon
- ParsleyPetroselinum crispumt0
- Outcome
- central endosperm cells were hydrolyzede0
- Value
- 40%e0
- Qualifier
- 21 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During 7 or 21 days of priming, ≈10% or 40%, respectively, of central endosperm cells were hydrolyzed centrifugally around the embryo”
t0“Parsley”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming decreased the volume of thick-walled central endosperm.
- Taxon
- ParsleyPetroselinum crispumt0
- Outcome
- volume of central endosperm with thick cell wallse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a corresponding decrease in volume of central endosperm with thick cell walls”
t0“Parsley”
Claim · model-written summary
Distal endosperm reserve contents were digested after 21 days, sometimes after seven days.
- Taxon
- ParsleyPetroselinum crispumt0
- Outcome
- distal endosperm cells adjacent to the depleted layer, containing reserve materials, were digested of contentse0
- Qualifier
- following 21 days priming, and sometimes, following 7 days priminge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“distal endosperm cells adjacent to the depleted layer, containing reserve materials, were digested of contents following 21 days priming, and sometimes, following 7 days priming”
t0“Parsley”
Claim · model-written summary
Long priming degraded pericarp tissue and reduced pericarp volume.
- Taxon
- ParsleyPetroselinum crispumt0
- Treatment
- A long priming duratione0
- Outcome
- pericarp volumee0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A long priming duration resulted in degradation of pericarp tissues, as indicated visually and by a decline in pericarp volume”
t0“Parsley”
The same questions in other papers
seed treatment · growth · Petroselinum crispum (parsley)Positive and negative results
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See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.